Winged carpenter ants often cause concern due to their appearance and association with wood damage. This article clarifies their biting behavior, describes what a bite entails, and distinguishes them from termites.
Understanding Carpenter Ant Biting Behavior
Carpenter ants are capable of biting, typically as a defensive response when they feel threatened or their nest is disturbed. Their primary defense mechanism involves using their strong mandibles to pinch, which can break the skin and cause a noticeable mark.
Beyond the physical bite, carpenter ants can also spray formic acid. This acid is released from their abdomen and can be sprayed into the bite wound, intensifying the discomfort. While their bites are not venomous, the combination of a mechanical pinch and formic acid can lead to a burning sensation.
What a Carpenter Ant Bite Looks and Feels Like
The immediate sensation of a carpenter ant bite is often described as a sharp pinch. This initial pain can be followed by a burning feeling, especially if formic acid is involved. The area may develop a small red welt or blemish.
Bites might also present with localized swelling or mild irritation. While severe reactions are uncommon, individuals with sensitivities could experience more pronounced inflammation.
Distinguishing Winged Carpenter Ants from Termites
Differentiating winged carpenter ants from winged termites is important due to their differing implications for property damage. Winged carpenter ants, also known as swarmers, are reproductive members of a colony that fly to establish new nests. Termite swarmers also have wings and emerge to reproduce.
One distinction lies in their waist. Carpenter ants possess a constricted, narrow waist between their thorax and abdomen, giving them a “pinched” appearance. In contrast, termites have a broad waist, with their body appearing more uniform in width.
Their antennae also differ: carpenter ants have elbowed or bent antennae. Termites have straight antennae that may appear beaded. Wing structure provides another identifier: carpenter ants have two pairs of wings, with the front pair noticeably longer than the hind pair. Termites have two pairs of wings that are roughly equal in length and often extend beyond their body.
A key behavioral difference is that carpenter ants tunnel through wood to create nests but do not consume it. They excavate galleries, leaving behind smooth tunnels and often pushing out sawdust-like debris called frass. Termites, conversely, actively eat wood as their primary food source.
What to Do After a Carpenter Ant Bite
If bitten by a carpenter ant, clean the affected area immediately with soap and warm water. This removes formic acid and reduces infection risk. Applying a cold compress or ice pack can reduce swelling and alleviate pain.
Avoid scratching the bite, as this can further irritate the skin and introduce bacteria, leading to infection. For persistent itching or discomfort, over-the-counter remedies like hydrocortisone cream or oral antihistamines can be used. If symptoms worsen, signs of infection develop (like pus or red streaks), or an allergic reaction occurs, seek medical attention.