Florida is home to hummingbirds, with these birds gracing gardens and natural areas across the state. Florida provides a suitable habitat for several species, adding to the state’s diverse avian population.
Hummingbird Species in Florida
Florida hosts several hummingbird species, but the Ruby-throated Hummingbird (Archilochus colubris) is the most frequently observed and the state’s only breeding hummingbird. Males are identified by their iridescent ruby-red throat, metallic green back, and grayish-white underside. Females and juveniles lack the red throat, displaying a white underside and often white tips on their dark tail feathers. This species measures about three inches in length, weighing as little as a penny.
Beyond the Ruby-throated, Florida receives occasional visits from other hummingbird species, primarily during migration or winter. The Rufous Hummingbird (Selasphorus rufus) is a visitor, with males displaying a coppery-orange back and sides, complemented by a reddish-orange throat. Females are green with rufous coloration on their flanks.
The Black-chinned Hummingbird (Archilochus alexandri) also makes rare appearances, with males characterized by a black chin that can appear purplish in certain light. Other rarer sightings include the Calliope Hummingbird, the Allen’s Hummingbird, and the Buff-bellied Hummingbird. While these species are not regularly found in Florida, their occasional presence contributes to the state’s avian diversity.
When to See Hummingbirds in Florida
Hummingbirds can be observed in Florida throughout the year, though their presence varies by species and season. The Ruby-throated Hummingbird, Florida’s most common species, is primarily a migratory visitor. Males begin arriving in Florida in March, with females following about a week later, initiating nesting activities around April.
These birds are present across the state from March through October. While most Ruby-throated Hummingbirds migrate south to Mexico and Central America, a portion of the population, particularly in South Florida, may remain year-round.
Florida also serves as a wintering ground or migratory stopover for other hummingbird species. Rufous Hummingbirds are seen from September through April. Black-chinned Hummingbirds and other less common species may appear during their migratory journeys. This makes the fall and spring seasons active for hummingbird sightings across the state.
Creating a Hummingbird-Friendly Yard
Attracting hummingbirds to a Florida yard involves providing appropriate food and water sources. Prioritizing native flowering plants is effective, as these species are adapted to the local climate and provide reliable nectar. Hummingbirds are drawn to tubular flowers, especially those in shades of red or orange, that stand at least two feet tall.
Consider planting species such as Coral Honeysuckle, Red Buckeye, Coralbean, Firebush, and Trumpet Creeper. Native Red Salvia is another choice. Planting a diverse array of these nectar-rich flowers ensures a continuous food supply, which is especially important for nesting birds from March through September. Arranging flowers in multiple groupings across the yard can also help reduce territorial conflicts among these aggressive birds, allowing more hummingbirds to feed simultaneously.
In addition to natural nectar sources, supplementary feeders can provide a consistent food supply. Prepare a solution using one part white granular sugar dissolved in four parts water. Bring the mixture to a boil, then allow it to cool before filling the feeder. Any extra solution can be stored in the refrigerator. It is important to avoid using brown sugar or honey, as these can be harmful to hummingbirds.
Regular cleaning of feeders is important to prevent the growth of mold and bacteria, which can be harmful to the birds’ health. Clean feeders every few days, more frequently in warm weather, to ensure the nectar remains fresh. Providing a shallow water source, such as a misters or a bird bath, also offers hummingbirds a place to drink and bathe. This combination of native plants, properly maintained feeders, and accessible water creates an inviting habitat for hummingbirds in your Florida yard.
Protecting Florida’s Hummingbirds
Protecting Florida’s hummingbird populations involves collective efforts to maintain healthy environments. A threat to these birds is the widespread use of pesticides, particularly neonicotinoids, which can contaminate nectar and reduce their insect food sources. Even small doses of these chemicals can disrupt a hummingbird’s high metabolism, impacting its ability to forage and survive.
Individuals can contribute by minimizing or eliminating pesticide use in their yards, opting for natural pest control methods instead. Supporting and preserving native habitats is also important, as these areas provide food, water, and nesting sites. By reducing chemical exposure and promoting natural landscapes, communities can help ensure the continued presence of these birds in Florida.