American black bears (Ursus americanus) are present in Texas, though their numbers are relatively small and concentrated in specific areas. These native bears are gradually expanding their presence, making a noticeable comeback in certain regions.
Bear Species and Their Status in Texas
Historically, black bears were widespread across the state, from the eastern Pineywoods to the western mountains. However, due to overhunting and significant habitat loss by the 1950s, black bear populations were nearly extirpated from Texas, with many having been driven into Mexico. Historically, several black bear subspecies, such as the Louisiana, Mexican, and New Mexican black bears, once roamed Texas.
A re-establishment of black bears began in the early 1990s, particularly in Big Bend National Park, with a pioneering female black bear and her cubs crossing from Mexico. This natural dispersal from neighboring states like Oklahoma, Arkansas, and Mexico, combined with conservation efforts, has contributed to their slow return. While black bears are now protected in Texas, with legal prohibitions against hunting, trapping, or killing them, the state does not actively manage for their reintroduction across all historical ranges. Historically, grizzly bears (Ursus arctos horribilis) were also present in Texas, particularly in the Trans-Pecos region, but they are now considered locally extinct.
Current Bear Habitats in Texas
Black bears are currently found in several distinct geographical areas within Texas. The Trans-Pecos Mountains, including Big Bend National Park and surrounding areas, serve as a primary stronghold for the species. This region’s higher elevations, with pine-oak woodlands, provide suitable habitat despite the surrounding Chihuahuan Desert. Bears in this area often rely on food sources like acorns, juniper berries, and sotol plants.
Occasional sightings and transient populations also occur in the Pineywoods of East Texas, where bears disperse from established populations in Louisiana and Arkansas. While a stable breeding population has not yet been documented in East Texas, male bears are believed to be searching for food, territory, or mates in these areas. The Edwards Plateau and parts of the Panhandle have also reported increased bear sightings, indicating a gradual expansion of their range. These areas offer diverse habitats, though bears are highly adaptable and can appear almost anywhere in the state, often following food sources or seeking new territories.
Safe Practices Around Bears
Coexisting with black bears requires adopting specific safety practices, especially in areas where they are present. Securing food and attractants is a primary step, as bears are opportunistic feeders driven by a keen sense of smell. This includes properly storing food when camping or hiking, using bear-resistant trash cans, and avoiding leaving pet food outdoors. Removing bird feeders and securing deer feeders can also prevent bears from becoming habituated to human food sources.
If a bear encounter occurs, remaining calm is important. Do not run, as this can trigger a bear’s chase instinct. Instead, talk in a calm voice while slowly backing away, avoiding direct eye contact. If a bear approaches, stand your ground, make yourself appear larger by raising your arms or a jacket, and yell to scare it off.
In the rare event of a black bear attack, fighting back aggressively is advised, unlike the recommendation for grizzly bears. Bear spray is legal for self-defense against wildlife in Texas, but its use against humans could have legal consequences.