Water moccasins, also known as cottonmouths (Agkistrodon piscivorus), are venomous, semi-aquatic snakes inhabiting the southeastern United States. Their presence in wetland habitats makes encounters possible for those exploring these environments. Many misconceptions circulate about their behavior, particularly regarding their interactions with humans.
Understanding Water Moccasin Behavior
Water moccasins are reclusive animals that prefer to avoid confrontation. When approached, their initial response is to remain motionless, relying on camouflage to avoid detection. If a threat persists, they may attempt to crawl away quickly into nearby water or dense vegetation.
A distinctive defensive display involves coiling their body and opening their mouth wide to reveal the white interior, which gives them the common name “cottonmouth.” This “mouth gape” serves as a clear warning signal to potential predators. They may also vibrate their tails, similar to rattlesnakes, or emit a foul-smelling musk as deterrents. These behaviors are defensive, designed to ward off perceived threats rather than initiate an attack.
Addressing the “Chasing” Myth
The idea that water moccasins actively chase humans is a misconception. This myth often stems from instances where a snake appears to move towards a person. However, what looks like pursuit is the snake attempting to escape towards safety, such as water or dense cover. If the safest escape route for the snake happens to be in the direction of a human, it can create the illusion of being chased.
Water moccasins are not aggressive; instead, they are defensive. Their goal is to remove themselves from a perceived danger. Unlike many other snakes that flee immediately, cottonmouths may stand their ground and display warning behaviors. This defensive stance is often misinterpreted as aggression, fueling the “chasing” myth, but it is a warning to encourage the perceived threat to leave.
Safe Practices During an Encounter
Encountering a water moccasin requires calm actions to ensure safety. The most effective approach is to maintain a respectful distance from the snake. If you see one, slowly back away from its location.
Avoid harassing the snake or attempting to move or kill it. Most snake bites occur when individuals try to handle or harm the animal. In areas where water moccasins are common, such as wetlands or near bodies of water, wearing appropriate footwear like over-the-ankle boots can provide some protection. Being aware of your surroundings and watching where you step can help prevent accidental encounters.