Walleye are a popular freshwater sport fish. Their reputation as an apex predator often raises a safety concern regarding their bite. This fish is not known to be aggressive toward humans, but it possesses a formidable set of dentition designed for capturing prey. Understanding the physical mechanics of the walleye’s mouth and a defensive reaction is key to safe handling.
The Walleye’s Mouth and Teeth
The walleye possesses an impressive dental structure. The most noticeable features are the prominent, sharp, conical teeth, which line the lower jaw. These specialized teeth are used to pierce and hold prey, preventing escape.
In addition to these large canines, the walleye’s upper jaw is lined with numerous smaller, equally sharp teeth. This double-layered dental arrangement ensures a secure grip on anything that enters the mouth. While these teeth are not specifically designed to sever or chew, the larger canines are physically capable of puncturing human skin. Accidental contact, particularly when the fish snaps its jaws, can result in a painful wound.
Biting Behavior and Risk Assessment
Walleye do not exhibit predatory behavior toward humans; there are no documented cases of an unprovoked attack. Any bite is purely defensive or reflexive, occurring when the fish is stressed or actively restrained. This usually happens when an angler is attempting to remove a hook, measure the fish, or pose for a photograph.
When the walleye is held, its instinct is to thrash or snap its jaws as a defense mechanism. This sudden, reflexive closure of the mouth is the primary cause of accidental bites. The resulting injury is typically a puncture wound or a series of small, deep lacerations from the sharp teeth. Although the bite itself is not medically severe, the primary risk is the introduction of bacteria into the wound. Fish mouths contain various bacteria, and any puncture should be treated promptly to mitigate the risk of infection.
Handling Walleye Safely
Minimizing the risk of injury involves preparation and technique during the landing and unhooking process. Avoid placing fingers directly inside or near the mouth. Always use long-nose pliers, a dedicated hook removal tool, or a hemostat to extract hooks.
When handling the fish for a photograph or release, use wet, protective gloves. These provide both a better grip and a layer of defense against the teeth and sharp gill plates. Support the walleye horizontally by placing one hand around the wrist of the tail and the other underneath the belly to keep the fish calm.
If a puncture wound does occur, immediately wash the area thoroughly with soap and clean water. Then, apply an antiseptic to minimize the chance of bacterial infection. Being mindful of the sharp dorsal spines and the razor-like edges of the gill covers is also necessary to ensure a completely safe experience.