Dental veneers are a popular cosmetic option, often made of porcelain or composite resin. These thin, custom-made shells are bonded directly to the tooth’s surface to enhance the appearance of a smile by addressing issues like discoloration, minor chips, or irregular shapes. Their primary function is to create a uniform, aesthetically pleasing front surface that is highly resistant to staining. The question of whether these coverings wrap around the entire tooth structure is common for individuals considering this procedure.
Understanding the Coverage Area
Veneers provide partial coverage, focusing only on the visible area. The restoration is bonded to the front surface, known as the facial or labial surface. While they wrap slightly around the sides (interproximal areas) to hide the margin, they typically do not extend over the biting edge. Veneers do not cover the back or interior surface of the tooth, which is called the lingual or palatal surface. This means the natural tooth structure remains fully exposed on the side facing the tongue and the roof of the mouth.
Rationale for Partial Coverage
The philosophy behind partial coverage is rooted in conservative dentistry, prioritizing the preservation of natural tooth structure. Veneers are designed to be minimally invasive, requiring the removal of only a small amount of enamel from the front surface. This reduction is typically between 0.3 to 0.5 millimeters, about the thickness of a fingernail, to create space for the veneer material. Maintaining the majority of the tooth’s structure is important for its strength and long-term health. Bonding the veneer directly to the enamel creates a much stronger and more durable attachment than bonding to the underlying dentin.
Veneers Versus Dental Crowns
When a tooth requires full coverage, a dental crown is the appropriate restoration. Crowns, sometimes called caps, are full-coverage restorations that entirely encase the tooth, including the front, back, and all sides. Veneers are a cosmetic solution for structurally sound teeth, while crowns are a restorative treatment used for teeth with significant damage, decay, or structural weakness. Placing a crown requires a significant reduction of the entire tooth circumference. This extensive 360-degree preparation allows the crown to cover the lingual surface, providing necessary strength and protection that a veneer cannot offer.
Maintaining the Tooth Structure
Because the back surface of the tooth remains uncovered, standard oral hygiene practices are necessary. The natural lingual surface is susceptible to decay and gum disease, requiring thorough brushing twice a day and daily flossing. Decay can also form at the margin where the veneer ends, potentially undermining the bond and stability of the restoration. Using a soft-bristled toothbrush and non-abrasive toothpaste is recommended to protect the veneer surface while cleaning the exposed natural tooth. Regular professional check-ups are required to monitor the condition of the veneer margins and the health of the underlying tooth structure.