Vaping involves inhaling and exhaling an aerosol produced by an electronic cigarette or similar device. This process is often mistakenly called “smoking,” causing confusion about the exhaled output. Understanding the distinction between what vapers exhale and traditional smoke clarifies the effects of these devices.
Vaping Exhalate: Vapor Not Smoke
Vaping devices generate an aerosol, a fine mist of liquid droplets suspended in a gas, rather than smoke. Smoke results from combustion, the burning of organic material like tobacco in a conventional cigarette, which creates solid particles and various gases. In contrast, vaping devices heat an e-liquid, transforming it into an aerosol without any burning process.
What’s in the Vapor/Aerosol?
The aerosol produced by vaping devices primarily consists of propylene glycol (PG) and vegetable glycerin (VG), which serve as carriers for other ingredients. Nicotine is often present in varying concentrations, and flavorings are commonly added to e-liquids. Some aerosols have been found to contain trace amounts of other chemicals, including carbonyl compounds like formaldehyde and acetaldehyde, which can form when PG and VG are heated. Additionally, heavy metals such as lead, nickel, and cadmium have been detected in some aerosols, potentially originating from the device’s heating elements.
Health Implications of Inhaled Vapor/Aerosol
Inhaling vaping aerosol can lead to various health concerns for the individual. Nicotine, a highly addictive substance found in most e-liquids, poses risks to brain development, particularly in adolescents, and can lead to addiction. The inhalation of chemicals like acetaldehyde, acrolein, and formaldehyde, which can be present in the aerosol, may contribute to lung disease and cardiovascular issues. Some users have experienced respiratory problems such as shortness of breath and coughing, with severe cases of lung injury, known as EVALI, linked to certain vaping products containing vitamin E acetate.
Secondhand Vapor/Aerosol Exposure
Exposure to exhaled vaping aerosol, often termed “secondhand vapor,” also carries potential risks for bystanders. Although it dissipates more quickly than secondhand cigarette smoke, this aerosol is not harmless. It can contain nicotine, ultrafine particles, and other chemicals such as lead, formaldehyde, and toluene. Studies suggest that non-vapers exposed to secondhand aerosol can absorb similar levels of nicotine as those exposed to secondhand cigarette smoke. This exposure may increase the risk of respiratory issues like shortness of breath. It can be particularly concerning for vulnerable populations, including children and pregnant individuals, due to potential impacts on developing respiratory and neurological systems.