When spending time outdoors, many people encounter tiny creatures that can leave behind intensely itchy bites. Often called “turkey mites,” these pests are more commonly known as chiggers or harvest mites. A frequent concern is whether these mites burrow into the skin and remain there, causing prolonged discomfort. Understanding what chiggers are and how they interact with human skin clarifies this common misconception and helps manage their bites.
Understanding Turkey Mites
“Turkey mites” are a common name for chiggers, the larval stage of mites belonging to the Trombiculidae family. These microscopic arachnids, also known as harvest mites or red bugs, are barely visible. They inhabit grassy and wooded areas, tall weeds, and moist environments.
Chiggers are only parasitic during their six-legged larval stage, feeding on animals, including humans. Adult chiggers and nymphs, which have eight legs, do not bite humans; they feed on small insects and their eggs in the soil. Larvae are most active in warm temperatures, waiting on vegetation for a host to pass by before attaching.
Do They Burrow? Dispelling a Common Myth
A common misconception is that chiggers burrow into the skin and live there, but this is inaccurate. This myth likely stems from the intense itching and red welts, which can swell around the feeding mite. Unlike ticks, chiggers do not suck blood.
When a chigger attaches to the skin, it uses its mouthparts to create a tiny opening. It then injects digestive enzymes that break down skin tissue into a liquid it feeds upon. The chigger typically feeds for a few hours to a few days before detaching naturally once full. Scratching or washing with soap and water can dislodge them sooner.
Symptoms and Relief
The primary symptom of a chigger bite is intense itching, often beginning several hours after exposure. Small, red bumps or welts typically appear, sometimes resembling pimples or a rash; blisters may also form. These bites are commonly found in areas where clothing fits tightly, such as around the waist, ankles, armpits, or behind the knees. The itching can be severe and may persist for several days, sometimes lasting up to two weeks.
For immediate relief, wash the affected skin thoroughly with soap and water as soon as possible after exposure to remove any remaining chiggers. Over-the-counter anti-itch creams containing calamine lotion or hydrocortisone can help alleviate discomfort. Oral antihistamines, such as diphenhydramine, may also reduce itching. Applying cool compresses or ice packs to the bites provides additional soothing. Avoid excessive scratching, as this can break the skin and lead to secondary bacterial infections.
Preventing Encounters
Preventing chigger bites requires precautions in areas where these mites are prevalent. Avoiding known chigger habitats, such as tall grass, dense brush, and overgrown areas, is a primary strategy. When venturing into such environments, wearing protective clothing significantly reduces exposure. This includes long-sleeved shirts, long pants, and tucking pant legs into socks or boots.
Applying insect repellents also offers protection. Products containing DEET can be used on exposed skin, while permethrin is effective when applied to clothing and gear, not directly to the skin. After spending time outdoors in chigger-prone areas, shower thoroughly with soap and water immediately. Washing all clothes worn outdoors in hot water helps eliminate any attached chiggers.