Cannabis topicals, such as creams, lotions, and balms, are infused with cannabinoids like THC (tetrahydrocannabinol) or CBD (cannabidiol). Many users wonder if these products produce the intoxicating effects, or “high,” associated with other forms of consumption. Standard cannabis topicals do not typically cause a psychoactive effect. This difference is due to how cannabinoids are absorbed when applied to the skin versus when they are inhaled or ingested.
The Limits of Skin Absorption
Standard cannabis topicals are designed to interact solely with the skin and underlying tissues, providing effects localized to the area of application. The skin is a highly effective barrier. Its outermost layer, the stratum corneum, is designed to block the entry of foreign substances, including large molecules like cannabinoids. This barrier prevents cannabinoids from penetrating deeply enough to reach the bloodstream in significant amounts.
Because cannabinoids do not enter the systemic circulation, they cannot travel to the brain to bind with the receptors that produce the characteristic psychoactive effects. Scientific studies confirm that applying THC topicals does not result in detectable levels of THC or its metabolites in the blood. The effects are confined to the epidermal and dermal layers, ensuring a non-intoxicating experience. This localized action is why creams and balms do not cause a high.
Understanding Transdermal Patches
An important distinction exists between standard topicals and transdermal patches, which are the primary exception to the rule of non-intoxication. Transdermal patches are sophisticated delivery systems engineered to bypass the skin’s protective barrier and deliver cannabinoids into the bloodstream. These patches often incorporate permeation enhancers, which are chemical agents that temporarily increase the skin’s permeability. These enhancers allow cannabinoids to move through the skin layers and into the systemic circulation.
Once in the bloodstream, cannabinoids, particularly THC, can travel throughout the body, including to the brain, potentially causing a psychoactive effect. This systemic absorption differs from the localized action of a typical cream or balm. Products designed for transdermal delivery, such as patches or specialized gels, are the only type of cannabis product applied to the skin that should be treated as potentially intoxicating.
Localized Relief and Practical Application
Since standard topicals do not produce a high, their utility is providing targeted, localized relief. When applied, cannabinoids interact with the endocannabinoid system (ECS) present in the skin tissue. The skin contains cannabinoid receptors, particularly CB1 and CB2, which are part of the body’s regulatory network.
Applying a topical allows cannabinoids to bind to these receptors in the epidermis and dermis, which modulates localized discomfort. This interaction helps with issues such as muscle soreness, joint stiffness, and inflammation right at the source. For individuals seeking relief without mental impairment, topicals offer a practical, non-systemic approach to using cannabis.