Superworms do transform into beetles. This change is a natural part of their life cycle, a process known as complete metamorphosis. Superworms are the larval stage of a specific insect, and their journey from a worm-like creature to a winged adult is a biological transformation.
The Superworm Life Cycle
The life cycle of a superworm, Zophobas morio, involves four distinct stages: egg, larva, pupa, and adult beetle. Most of its life is spent in the larval stage, where it grows significantly. During this phase, the larva molts its exoskeleton multiple times. This molting can occur 9 to 20 times before the superworm transitions.
Once the superworm larva reaches full size, it enters the pupal stage, a period of internal reorganization. This transformation is typically triggered by isolation from other larvae. During pupation, the superworm often curls into a “C” shape and becomes largely immobile. The pupal stage typically lasts about two weeks, as larval tissues break down and reform into the adult beetle’s structures.
Meet the Darkling Beetle
The adult superworm is the darkling beetle, Zophobas morio. These beetles are typically dark, ranging from dark brown to black, and possess a hard, protective outer shell called elytra. When they first emerge, beetles may appear lighter, gradually darkening over a few days. Adult Zophobas morio beetles can grow up to 55 millimeters in length.
Darkling beetles are primarily scavengers, feeding on decaying plant matter, fungi, and sometimes dead insects. They are ground-dwelling and active both day and night. While some beetle species can fly, many darkling beetles, including Zophobas morio, prefer to walk. When threatened, some can release a foul-smelling liquid as a defense mechanism.
Witnessing the Transformation
To encourage pupation, isolate individual superworms. Placing each in its own small container, such as a condiment cup or partitioned craft box, can be effective. While some suggest a small amount of substrate like wheat bran, isolation without food or water can speed up the pupation process.
Maintaining a warm and dark environment, ideally 70 to 90 degrees Fahrenheit, supports the transformation. After isolation, it typically takes one to two weeks for a superworm to pupate. The pupa will initially be pale, gradually darkening, particularly its legs and eyes, as it develops. The adult beetle will then emerge from the pupa after approximately another two weeks.