Subterranean termites, often associated with hidden damage, have winged members within their colonies. These winged termites are specialized reproductive individuals crucial for colony expansion and propagation. Understanding their presence and purpose is key to recognizing potential termite activity.
The Role of Winged Termites
Winged subterranean termites develop for reproduction and new colony establishment. These winged termites are known as alates or swarmers, representing the reproductive caste of the colony. Their mission is to leave the existing nest, find a mate, and initiate a new colony elsewhere. This dispersal process, termed swarming, typically occurs during specific seasons or under particular environmental conditions, such as warm, humid weather often after rainfall. Swarmers expand the termite population, ensuring the species spreads and establishes new colonies.
Identifying Termite Swarmers
Identifying subterranean termite swarmers involves observing distinct physical characteristics that differentiate them from other winged insects like ants. Termite swarmers have two pairs of wings, equal in size and length, often appearing translucent or slightly tinted. These wings are typically shed shortly after swarming as they prepare to establish a new colony. You might find these discarded wings near windowsills, doors, or light fixtures, as swarmers are attracted to light.
Their antennae are straight and appear beaded, unlike the bent or “elbowed” antennae found on winged ants. Termite swarmers have a broad, thick waist, appearing uniform in width without the pinched constriction seen in ants. Subterranean termite swarmers are typically dark-bodied, ranging from dark brown to black.
What Swarmers Indicate
The presence of termite swarmers or their discarded wings provides clues about termite activity. Seeing swarmers indoors indicates a mature, active subterranean termite colony nearby, potentially within the structure. This suggests the colony has reached a size and maturity level ready to expand. If found inside, they likely emerged from an existing nest within your home or its immediate vicinity.
Conversely, if most swarmers are observed outdoors, it indicates that termites are present in the general area, such as in the yard or a neighbor’s property, but does not necessarily mean an immediate infestation of the home. After swarming, male and female alates pair off, shed wings, and search for a suitable location with moisture and wood to begin a new nest. Their presence signals the need for a professional inspection to assess the extent of any potential infestation and prevent further damage.