Subterranean termites fly, but only specific reproductive members of their colonies, known as “swarmers” or “alates.” Their appearance signals a natural phase in the termite life cycle, indicating the potential presence of an established colony nearby.
The Flying Termites
This ability is reserved for the reproductive caste, alates or swarmers. These winged individuals leave their existing colony with the primary goal of finding a mate and establishing a new colony. This dispersal flight, often referred to as a “nuptial flight,” is a natural part of their life cycle and a mechanism for colony expansion.
Termite swarming occurs during certain seasons, often in the spring or early summer, and is triggered by warm temperatures and rainfall. Subterranean termite swarmers emerge from underground, through mud tubes, or via cracks and holes in foundations. While the flight itself is brief, carried by breezes, it allows them to disperse and seek locations for new nests.
Distinguishing Termite Swarmers from Ants
Homeowners sometimes confuse flying termites with flying ants due to their similar appearance. However, distinct physical characteristics differentiate them. Termite swarmers have two pairs of wings equal in length and extend well past their body. In contrast, flying ants have two pairs of wings, but their front wings are noticeably larger than their hind wings.
Their antennae also differ. Termites have straight, bead-like antennae, while ants have elbowed antennae. Their body shapes also vary: termites have a broad, uniform waist, making their body appear less segmented. Flying ants, conversely, exhibit a pinched waist, creating a more defined three-part body.
What Flying Termites Indicate
The presence of flying termites, especially indoors, is an indicator of an active, mature subterranean termite colony. Colonies produce swarmers when they are between three and five years old and have reached a certain population capacity. This suggests that an established colony exists nearby, potentially within the structure of a home.
While swarmers do not cause direct damage to wood, their emergence signals that worker termites, which are responsible for consuming wood, are active within the colony. Their appearance indicates an existing infestation that could cause structural damage. Discarded wings, found near windows or light sources, also provide evidence of termite activity.
What to Do About Flying Termites
Upon encountering flying termites, homeowners should remain calm, as swarmers pose minimal threat and do not bite or chew wood. Collect specimens of the insects or their discarded wings. This sample can then be shown to a pest control professional for identification.
Homeowners should also inspect their property for other signs of termite activity, such as mud tubes on foundations or walls, or wood that sounds hollow when tapped. Contact a qualified pest control company for inspection and assessment. DIY methods are ineffective for established subterranean termite colonies, as professional treatment is needed to address the underlying infestation.