The spectacle of a large ray launching itself from the ocean’s surface is captivating, sparking curiosity. These impressive leaps, where marine animals appear to defy gravity, leave observers wondering if they can “fly.” While “flying” might be an exaggeration, the visual impact of these breaches is undeniable, prompting questions about their purpose.
The Leaping Phenomenon
Certain ray species are known for their aerial displays, propelling themselves clear of the water as breaching or leaping. This behavior is most commonly observed in mobula rays, sometimes called “flying rays” or “devil rays,” due to their acrobatic jumps. Manta rays, closely related to mobulas, and cownose rays also engage in this activity. Unlike bottom-dwelling stingrays, which rarely leave the seafloor, these pelagic species inhabit open waters and are adapted for swift movement.
These leaping rays can achieve significant heights, with mobula rays jumping around two meters (over six feet) out of the water. Manta rays can also breach, sometimes reaching a meter (three feet) above the surface, though mobulas are known for more frequent and higher jumps. The visual impact is significant, especially when large groups perform synchronized leaps, creating a “popcorn” effect on the water’s surface. This behavior can continue for hours, particularly off the coast of Mexico where large aggregations occur.
Why Rays Leap
Scientists have proposed several theories to explain why rays launch themselves out of the water, though no single reason is definitively confirmed. One hypothesis is communication; the loud splash upon re-entry can signal location, food sources, or social gatherings. Some researchers suggest it could be a display to attract mates, with males potentially showing agility and strength during courtship.
Another reason is the removal of parasites or remoras. The impact of landing dislodges external organisms, providing relief. Leaping can also serve as an escape mechanism from predators like sharks. A sudden breach could disorient or deter a pursuing hunter, allowing the ray to flee. While less common, some theories suggest breaching relates to feeding, such as stunning prey, or is a form of play.
The Mechanics of Their Ascent
Rays achieve their leaps through a combination of their body shape and powerful underwater propulsion. Their flattened, diamond-shaped bodies and large, wing-like pectoral fins are suited for efficient movement through water. These fins generate thrust, allowing the rays to build considerable speed underwater.
To initiate a leap, rays propel themselves upwards with powerful downstrokes of their fins, building momentum. They direct their bodies at an angle to break the water’s surface and launch into the air. While airborne, their body shape allows for a brief moment of aerial movement before gravity pulls them back down, often resulting in a loud “belly-flop” upon re-entry. This process requires substantial energy, indicating the behavior serves an important purpose for the ray.