Encountering a starfish along the coast is a moment of wonder for many people, often sparking a desire to reach out and touch these unique marine animals. This natural curiosity frequently raises a question about their fragility: can touching a starfish cause it harm? Understanding the delicate biology of these creatures is important for ensuring their well-being.
Understanding the Impact of Contact
Touching starfish can have detrimental effects on their health, even if it does not result in immediate death. Starfish possess a thin, protective mucus layer covering their bodies, which acts as a shield against bacteria and other potential threats in the marine environment. When human hands come into contact with a starfish, especially with dry skin or applied pressure, this mucus layer can be disturbed or removed, leaving the animal susceptible to infections and diseases. Chemicals and oils from human skin, including residues from sunscreens or lotions, can also be toxic to starfish and absorbed through their delicate skin.
Starfish move and attach to surfaces using numerous small, active tubular projections called tube feet. These tube feet are delicate structures, and rough handling or attempting to pull a starfish from a surface can damage them. Damage to tube feet can impair a starfish’s ability to move, feed, and even breathe, as these structures also play a role in gas exchange. While a single, brief touch might not be immediately fatal, prolonged or repeated contact can lead to excessive stress, weakened immune systems, and a decline in health or death.
The Risks of Removing Starfish from Water
Removing a starfish from its aquatic environment, even for a brief moment, poses significant dangers to its survival. Starfish do not possess lungs or gills like fish; instead, they breathe through tiny, thin-walled projections called papulae, and through their tube feet. These structures are designed to absorb oxygen directly from the surrounding seawater. When a starfish is taken out of water, these delicate respiratory structures collapse and dry out, making it impossible for the animal to efficiently absorb oxygen and release carbon dioxide.
Exposure to air leads to suffocation and a buildup of carbon dioxide in their bodies. Most starfish can only survive for a few minutes out of water. Beyond suffocation, the lack of water support causes internal organs to be affected by gravity. The sudden change in temperature and osmotic balance can lead to severe stress, desiccation, and internal damage.
Responsible Starfish Observation
Observing starfish responsibly protects these creatures and their marine habitats. The most appropriate approach is to admire starfish without any physical contact. Instead of touching, individuals can use binoculars or underwater cameras to get a closer look, appreciating their intricate forms and behaviors from a respectful distance. It is important to avoid removing them from their natural environment, as even a quick removal for a photograph can cause lasting harm.
Starfish play an important role in marine ecosystems, often acting as predators that help regulate populations of other invertebrates. Their presence helps maintain the balance and diversity of coastal communities. By refraining from touching or disturbing starfish, people can contribute to the conservation of these animals and the health of the broader marine environment.