Squirrels, such as the common gray and red squirrels, rely on carefully constructed shelters for survival and reproduction. These structures, known as dreys (made of leaves and twigs) or tree cavity dens, serve as protection from weather and a nursery for their young. Understanding where a squirrel eliminates its waste offers insight into its complex survival instincts and daily habits.
Squirrel Nest Hygiene
Squirrels are instinctively clean animals that actively work to keep their primary living quarters sanitary. Squirrels generally do not defecate or urinate inside the nest they use for sleeping or raising their young. A natural nest or cavity den is typically found to be free of significant waste accumulation. This cleanliness is particularly pronounced in the maternal nest. When young squirrels are nursing, the mother will ingest or carry away their waste for disposal far from the nest site.
Designated Waste Areas
Instead of fouling their home, squirrels eliminate waste away from their nesting site by using designated outdoor locations. These spots are often referred to as “latrines” and are consistent areas where a squirrel routinely deposits its droppings. They are typically found on the ground at the base of trees, along established travel routes, or in less-used corners of an attic if the squirrel is denning indoors. The droppings are small, cylindrical pellets, usually brown or reddish-brown, and may be found scattered or clustered in these established areas. This behavior separates feeding and sleeping areas from elimination zones.
Survival Reasons for Cleanliness
Maintaining a clean nest environment is directly tied to the squirrel’s survival and reproductive success. The primary reason for this hygiene is predator avoidance. Excrement contains scent markers and pheromones that can be easily detected by predators like raccoons, foxes, and snakes. By moving waste far away from the drey, the squirrel ensures the nest remains as scent-neutral as possible, preventing predators from locating the vulnerable young.
Another significant advantage of keeping the nest clean is disease and parasite control. Waste materials, especially when confined, become a breeding ground for bacteria, mold, and various parasites. These pathogens can compromise the health of both the adult squirrel and its offspring, potentially leading to illness or death. By eliminating waste externally, the squirrel reduces the risk of infection and infestation, contributing to a higher survival rate for its litter.