Black oil sunflower seeds (BOSS) are a staple in many backyard bird feeders, prized for their high nutritional value and thin shell that makes them accessible to a wide variety of bird species. Squirrels are extremely attracted to BOSS, often turning the simple act of feeding birds into a constant conflict for homeowners. Understanding the specific biological reasons for this attraction helps manage the competition at the feeder.
Why Black Oil Sunflower Seeds are a Squirrel Favorite
The primary reason for the intense squirrel attraction to black oil sunflower seeds lies in the seed’s nutritional profile, specifically its high fat content. These seeds contain a significantly higher oil percentage than striped sunflower seeds, offering a dense source of calories that is immediately appealing to a foraging mammal. This concentrated energy is particularly valuable for squirrels, helping them build the necessary fat reserves to survive colder months and support their highly active lifestyle.
The physical structure of the black oil seed also contributes to its popularity. BOSS features a much thinner, softer hull, which requires less effort and time for a squirrel to crack open. This ease of access allows them to consume a large quantity of the oil-rich kernel quickly, maximizing their caloric intake with minimal energy expenditure.
A feeder full of black oil sunflower seeds represents a jackpot, providing protein, healthy fats, and a rapid energy boost in a single, easily processed package. This natural drive means that any feeder containing BOSS becomes an irresistible target for every squirrel in the vicinity.
How Squirrels Affect Bird Feeders
The consequence of a squirrel’s preference for black oil sunflower seeds is a series of practical issues for bird feeding enthusiasts. The most immediate problem is the rapid depletion of expensive birdseed, as a single squirrel can empty a feeder in a single day. They often gorge themselves and then bury caches of the seed, removing it entirely from the feeding station.
Beyond consumption, squirrels cause significant waste by actively scattering the seed onto the ground. They often root through the mix to find the desirable sunflower seeds, tossing aside less-favored items like millet or cracked corn. This behavior not only creates a messy area beneath the feeder but also makes the seed vulnerable to moisture, which can lead to mold and spoilage.
The physical presence of squirrels also impacts the behavior of the birds the feeders are intended to attract. Many smaller songbirds are intimidated by the larger, more aggressive squirrels and will avoid the feeder entirely while the rodent is present. Furthermore, the constant chewing action of squirrels can quickly damage plastic or wooden feeder components, often destroying the feeding ports or perches.
Practical Ways to Keep Squirrels Away
Addressing the squirrel problem requires a multi-pronged approach that focuses on placement, physical barriers, and alternative foods. Proper placement is the first line of defense, requiring the feeder to be mounted on a pole at least 8 to 10 feet away from any potential launch points, such as trees, fences, or porch railings. Squirrels are known for their jumping ability, and this distance minimizes their horizontal leap access.
Physical barriers offer the most consistent deterrent, with pole-mounted baffles being highly effective. These cone or cylinder-shaped devices must be secured to the pole at least four to five feet off the ground to prevent squirrels from jumping over or onto them from below. Alternatively, weight-activated feeders use a spring mechanism that closes the feeding ports when an animal heavier than a bird lands on the perch.
A final strategy involves managing the food itself, either by using alternative seeds or offering a dedicated station. Switching the bird feeder contents to safflower seed is an option, as squirrels generally dislike its bitter taste, while many desirable birds, such as cardinals, will still consume it. Another humane tactic is to establish a separate feeding area stocked with cheaper food like corn or peanuts, which can divert the squirrels’ attention away from the more prized black oil sunflower seeds.