Rabies is a serious concern when encountering wildlife, prompting many questions about its presence in common animals like squirrels. While any mammal can contract rabies, it is exceedingly rare in squirrels. Actual cases of rabid squirrels are highly uncommon. Understanding why squirrels are not typical carriers and what actions to take if bitten can help alleviate fears and ensure appropriate responses.
Rabies and Squirrels
Rabies is a viral disease that primarily affects the central nervous system of mammals, leading to severe neurological symptoms and, without prompt treatment, is almost always fatal. The virus is most commonly transmitted through the bite of an infected animal, where saliva containing the virus enters an open wound. Though squirrels are mammals, they are not considered primary vectors for the rabies virus.
The rarity of rabies in squirrels is due to several factors. Squirrels rarely survive encounters with larger, rabid animals like foxes, raccoons, or bats, which are common rabies carriers. If a squirrel were bitten by a rabid animal, it would likely be killed or succumb to its injuries quickly, preventing the virus from developing and being transmitted to another animal. Cases of rabies in squirrels are extremely uncommon, with no documented instances of transmission to humans in the United States.
Recognizing Unusual Squirrel Behavior
Observing unusual squirrel behavior is rarely indicative of rabies. A healthy squirrel is active, alert, and constantly foraging. Signs of illness or injury in a squirrel might include disorientation, unusual lethargy, or uncoordinated movements. A sick squirrel may also appear unusually aggressive without provocation, or show signs of paralysis.
These behaviors are often attributed to other common illnesses, injuries from falls or fights, or poisoning, rather than rabies. For instance, a squirrel might limp due to an injury or appear weak if it has not eaten. Avoid approaching any wild animal, including squirrels, that displays abnormal behavior, as they could bite if threatened or distressed.
Actions After a Squirrel Bite or Scratch
Even though rabies from a squirrel bite is highly improbable, follow general animal bite protocols to prevent other infections. Immediately clean the wound with soap and running water for at least one to five minutes. This minimizes the risk of bacterial infection, a more common concern with any animal bite.
After cleaning, apply antiseptic or antibiotic ointment and cover with a clean bandage. Seek medical attention promptly, especially if the bite broke the skin, is deep, or bleeds continuously. A medical professional can assess the wound, determine if a tetanus booster is needed, and prescribe antibiotics. Report the incident to your local health department or animal control; testing for rabies in squirrels is rarely indicated unless unusual circumstances exist.