Squirrels, often seen scampering in parks and backyards, are generally perceived as harmless. While it is rare, squirrels can bite humans. These incidents typically occur under specific circumstances, often when a human initiates contact or the squirrel feels threatened. Understanding these situations can help people coexist safely with these common wild animals.
The Likelihood of Squirrel Bites
Bites from squirrels to humans are not a common occurrence. Squirrels are wild animals that naturally tend to shy away from human contact and usually flee when approached. However, their strong teeth, which constantly grow and are used for gnawing, can inflict a painful wound that may draw blood if a bite does occur.
Incidents are more likely to happen when humans attempt to interact directly with squirrels, such as trying to feed them by hand or handle them. These interactions can inadvertently provoke a squirrel, leading to a defensive bite.
Common Reasons for Bites
Squirrels may bite humans when they perceive a direct threat or feel cornered, as biting is a defensive mechanism. If a squirrel believes its young are in danger, a mother squirrel can become particularly aggressive to protect her offspring. Attempting to touch or handle baby squirrels should be avoided, as this can trigger a defensive reaction.
Bites can also occur when squirrels mistake a human finger for food, especially during hand-feeding. Their eyesight for very close objects is not precise, which can lead to accidental bites. Additionally, a squirrel that is injured or sick might exhibit unusual aggression, leading it to bite without typical provocation.
Immediate Steps After a Bite
If a squirrel bite occurs, clean the wound thoroughly and promptly. Wash the bitten area immediately with soap and water for several minutes. After washing, apply an antiseptic or antibiotic cream. Then, cover the wound with a clean bandage or sterile gauze to keep it protected.
For minor bites that barely break the skin, these first aid steps may be sufficient. However, if the bite is deep, bleeding heavily, or shows signs of infection like increased pain, swelling, redness, or pus, seek medical attention immediately. A healthcare professional can assess the wound, determine if further treatment like stitches is needed, and advise on potential risks.
Understanding Health Concerns
The primary health concern following any animal bite is the risk of infection. Squirrel bites, while generally not considered high-risk for rabies, can lead to bacterial infections. Symptoms of a bacterial infection can include increased pain, swelling, redness, warmth around the bite area, or the presence of pus or drainage. Prompt medical evaluation can help prevent severe complications, such as necrotizing soft tissue infections, which, though rare, can be serious.
Rabies transmission from squirrels to humans is extremely rare. Small rodents, including squirrels, are not considered primary carriers of the rabies virus. However, squirrels can carry other diseases, such as tularemia, leptospirosis, or salmonellosis, which can be transmitted through bites or contact with their waste. Awareness of these potential, though low, risks is important.