Hemorrhoids are a common condition involving swollen veins in the lower rectum and anus. Understanding how physical exertion, such as squatting, might influence hemorrhoids is important. This article clarifies the relationship between exercise and hemorrhoids, offering guidance on safe practices.
What Are Hemorrhoids
Hemorrhoids are swollen blood vessels inside the rectum or beneath the skin around the anus. They are similar to varicose veins found elsewhere in the body. Internal hemorrhoids occur inside the rectum and cause painless bleeding, often appearing as bright red blood on toilet paper or in the toilet bowl. External hemorrhoids develop under the skin around the anus and can lead to symptoms such as itching, irritation, pain, discomfort, and swelling.
Pressure on the veins in the lower rectum and anus is a key factor in hemorrhoid development. This pressure can arise from straining during bowel movements, chronic constipation or diarrhea, or prolonged sitting, especially on the toilet. Pregnancy and regularly lifting heavy items are also contributing factors due to increased abdominal pressure.
Squats and Hemorrhoid Risk
Squats are a beneficial exercise for building strength. When performed improperly, squats can worsen existing hemorrhoids or contribute to their development. The primary concern with squats, especially heavy ones, is the increase in intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) they can create. This pressure, necessary for spinal stability during heavy lifts, can exert downward force on the pelvic floor and rectal veins.
A common technique during heavy lifting, known as the Valsalva maneuver, involves holding one’s breath and bearing down. This action increases IAP, which can strain the blood vessels in the rectum and anus, causing them to swell. Squatting too deep, or pausing at the lowest point of a squat, can also intensify pressure on the anal area. This combination of heavy loading, breath-holding, and deep squatting can overload the rectal veins, leading to inflammation, pain, or bleeding.
Exercising Safely with Hemorrhoids
Continuing to exercise, including squats, is possible and beneficial even with hemorrhoids, with precautions. Proper form and breathing techniques are important to minimize pressure on the pelvic floor. Instead of holding your breath (Valsalva maneuver), exhale during the exertion phase of the squat. This helps manage intra-abdominal pressure and reduces strain on the rectal veins.
Reducing the weight lifted can alleviate excessive pressure. Focusing on core strength and engaging pelvic floor muscles can offer better support during movements like squats. Incorporating pelvic floor exercises, such as Kegels, can strengthen these muscles, improving circulation and aiding bowel function to prevent straining. Low-impact aerobic exercises like walking, swimming, or yoga are safe and can help improve circulation and digestion without undue strain.
When to Consult a Doctor
While many hemorrhoid symptoms can be managed with home care, some signs require medical evaluation. If you experience persistent bleeding, especially if the blood is dark red or significant, seek medical attention. Rectal bleeding can sometimes signal more serious conditions beyond hemorrhoids, such as inflammatory bowel disease or colorectal cancer.
Consult a healthcare provider if your symptoms, like pain, itching, or discomfort, worsen or do not improve after a week of self-care. A prolapsed hemorrhoid that remains outside the anus or causes severe pain requires a doctor’s visit. A medical professional can accurately diagnose the condition and recommend appropriate treatment options.