Softshell turtles are unique reptiles with flattened, leathery shells, unlike the hard scutes of most other turtle species. They have long, tubular snouts (often described as snorkel-like) and webbed feet, adaptations for aquatic life. They primarily inhabit freshwater environments like ponds, streams, marshes, and lakes, often burying themselves in sandy or muddy bottoms. Many wonder about their interactions, particularly their biting behavior.
Do Softshell Turtles Bite?
Softshell turtles are indeed capable of biting, and their bites can be quite painful. They possess strong jaws with sharp, beak-like edges, rather than teeth, which are effective for capturing prey and defense. Bite force varies by species and size; for instance, a Florida softshell turtle can exert about 41.50 Newtons, and a black-rayed softshell can reach around 210.43 Newtons. These forces are sufficient to break skin, cause lacerations, and draw blood, with more severe injuries possible in sensitive areas. Though painful, such actions are almost always defensive rather than aggressive.
Why and When They Bite
A softshell turtle’s decision to bite stems primarily from a strong defensive instinct. Unlike turtles with hard, protective shells, their flexible carapace offers less protection, making them more vulnerable to perceived threats. When they feel cornered, threatened, or mishandled, biting becomes their primary means of self-preservation. Their notably long and flexible necks allow them a surprising reach, enabling them to deliver a bite even when not directly facing the perceived threat or when being held improperly.
Common scenarios that might provoke a bite include attempts to pick them up incorrectly, accidental contact in murky water where a finger might be mistaken for food, or any action that makes them feel trapped. These turtles are shy and prefer to avoid confrontation, often attempting to escape or burrow into the substrate as a first line of defense. Their defensive actions are a direct response to their environment and interactions.
Safe Interactions with Softshell Turtles
Observing softshell turtles from a distance is the safest approach for both humans and the animals. Direct handling should be avoided, as it is a common trigger for defensive biting. If a softshell turtle must be moved (e.g., from a road), do so with caution and proper technique. One recommended method involves carefully lifting the turtle from the rear of its shell, ensuring hands are positioned well away from its head and its remarkably long neck. Avoid picking them up by the tail, as this can cause injury to the turtle.
Should a bite occur, immediate first aid is necessary. Clean the wound thoroughly with soap and water to remove any debris and reduce the risk of infection. Apply direct pressure to the wound with a clean cloth to stop any bleeding. Apply a topical antiseptic and cover the wound with a bandage.
Given that turtles can carry bacteria like Salmonella, washing hands thoroughly after any contact, even without a bite, is important. Seek medical attention if the bite is deep, bleeding persists, or if signs of infection like redness, swelling, or pus develop. Understanding their natural behaviors and respecting their space helps prevent unwanted incidents.