The idea that snakes “like” clover is a common misunderstanding. Snakes are not attracted to clover as a food source, since they are exclusively meat-eaters. The presence of snakes in dense clover patches is a result of the plant providing an ideal micro-environment that fulfills their needs for cover, temperature regulation, and hunting opportunities. Clover itself is a beneficial element in a larger ecosystem that supports the snake’s way of life.
Understanding Snake Dietary Needs
Snakes are classified as obligate carnivores, meaning their diet must consist entirely of animal matter to survive. Their digestive systems are specifically adapted to break down proteins and fats found in animal tissues, lacking the necessary enzymes to process cellulose and other components of vegetation.
Their prey varies widely depending on the species and size, but typically includes rodents, such as mice and voles, as well as amphibians like frogs and toads. Smaller species may consume insects, slugs, and earthworms, while larger snakes can take on birds, eggs, or other small mammals. If a snake accidentally ingests plant matter, it is usually incidental, such as when swallowing the stomach contents of a prey animal, and the material is passed undigested.
Why Clover Provides Ideal Snake Shelter
Clover patches are ecologically attractive to snakes because of the physical structure and microclimate they create. The dense, low-growing foliage provides excellent concealment from natural predators like hawks and owls. The thick canopy of clover is an appealing place for snakes to rest and move undetected.
This ground cover also helps snakes regulate their body temperature, a process known as thermoregulation. Clover keeps the soil beneath it cooler and retains more moisture than bare ground or sparse grass. This cool, damp microclimate is highly sought after during hot summer months, offering a retreat from excessive heat.
The conditions that make clover a great ground cover also attract the snake’s food sources. Clover draws in insects, slugs, and small rodents like mice and voles, which feed on the foliage and seeds. By residing in a clover patch, a snake gains access to a reliable, concentrated food supply, turning the area into a preferred hunting ground.
Modifying Habitat to Deter Snakes
The most effective way to deter snakes is to eliminate the shelter and food resources that attract them to a location. Maintaining a short lawn, including clover patches, significantly reduces the appeal of the area. Snakes are reluctant to cross ground where they are fully exposed to predators, such as birds of prey.
Removing piles of debris is another effective strategy, as snakes use these areas for hiding, nesting, and cooling. Debris includes:
- Woodpiles
- Rock stacks
- Brush piles
- Accumulations of leaves or excessive mulch
If firewood must be stored, elevate it at least 12 to 18 inches off the ground on a rack and keep it away from the home’s foundation.
Managing the populations of small prey animals will also reduce the incentive for snakes to remain in the area. Securely storing pet food and bird seed in sealed containers prevents rodents from being drawn to the immediate vicinity. Fixing leaky outdoor faucets and eliminating sources of standing water can reduce the presence of frogs and other prey species.