Snakes do bite, though not typically out of aggression towards humans. These bites usually occur as a defensive action or, less commonly, during hunting. While serious, snake bites are generally rare, as snakes prefer to avoid confrontation.
Why Snakes Bite
Snakes primarily bite as a defensive mechanism when they feel threatened, startled, or cornered. This defensive behavior is the most common reason for bites, as snakes instinctively react to perceived threats. Unintentional disturbances, such as accidentally stepping on a snake or reaching into its hiding spot, can also trigger a bite.
While less common, snakes may also bite as part of their hunting strategy to capture prey. Instances of predatory bites on humans are rare because humans are not typically seen as prey. Snakes prefer to conserve their venom for actual prey, so a defensive bite may sometimes be a “dry bite” with little or no venom injected.
Understanding Different Snake Bites
Snake bites vary significantly depending on whether the snake is venomous or non-venomous. Non-venomous bites result in minor injuries, such as scratches or small puncture wounds. These bites may cause localized pain, swelling, or redness at the site. While not life-threatening, non-venomous bites still require cleaning to prevent infection.
Venomous snake bites involve the injection of venom, a toxic substance produced by the snake to incapacitate prey and aid digestion. Symptoms of a venomous bite can include severe pain, significant swelling, and discoloration around the bite site. Systemic effects might develop, such as nausea, vomiting, blurred vision, muscle weakness, or tingling in the limbs. The effects of venom can range from tissue damage to issues with blood clotting or the nervous system, necessitating immediate medical intervention.
What to Do After a Snake Bite
If a snake bite occurs, remain calm and seek medical help immediately, as every snake bite should be treated as a medical emergency until proven otherwise. Call emergency services as soon as possible, and avoid driving yourself if symptoms could impair your ability. While waiting for assistance, move away from the snake to a safe area.
Gently wash the bite area with soap and water, then cover it with a clean, dry dressing. Remove any jewelry or constrictive clothing from the bitten limb before swelling begins. Keep the affected area still and positioned at or below heart level to help slow the spread of any potential venom. Avoid common myths like applying a tourniquet, cutting the wound, or attempting to suck out the venom, as these actions can worsen the outcome.
Avoiding Snake Encounters
Reducing the likelihood of snake bites involves awareness and proactive measures, especially in areas where snakes are common. When in natural habitats, stay on marked paths and avoid walking through tall grass, dense brush, or rocky areas where snakes might hide. Wearing appropriate protective clothing, such as high-top boots and long pants, can offer some defense if an encounter occurs.
Watch where you step and place your hands, particularly when reaching into unseen areas or disturbing woodpiles and debris. Never attempt to handle, capture, or harass a snake, even if it appears to be dead or non-venomous, as this is a common cause of bites. Keeping your yard clear of tall grass, brush, and clutter can also make your property less attractive to snakes.