Skunks are mammals recognized across North America for their distinctive black and white coloring. These creatures are known for their ability to spray an oily, noxious musk up to 15 feet when threatened, and they are present across Florida. Skunks are shy and generally nocturnal, but their presence is a common reality for residents. Understanding the specific types and their preferred environments can help minimize unwanted encounters.
Florida’s Skunk Species
Florida is home to two primary species of skunks: the Striped Skunk (Mephitis mephitis) and the Eastern Spotted Skunk (Spilogale putorius). The Striped Skunk is the more widely recognized species, characterized by a narrow white stripe down its face and two broad white stripes along its body and tail. This larger species often reaches 13 to 18 inches in body length, not including the tail.
The Eastern Spotted Skunk is smaller, typically measuring 11 to 12.5 inches in body length. It features a coat of broken white stripes and elongated spots against a black background. This species is known for a unique defensive behavior where it performs a “handstand” display before deploying its musk. The Florida subspecies is considered a Species of Greatest Conservation Need, highlighting its conservation importance.
Geographic Distribution and Habitat
Skunks are found throughout most of Florida, with the exception of the Florida Keys. The Striped Skunk is more commonly found in the northern and interior regions of the state, favoring habitats that include wooded edges, prairie, and wetland environments.
The Eastern Spotted Skunk, conversely, is found predominantly in the state’s coastal and southern areas. Its habitat is often associated with scrub-shrubland cover and areas with high vegetation diversity. Both species are omnivores and thrive in a wide variety of environments, including open woodlands, agricultural lands, and increasingly, suburban residential areas where food and shelter are readily available.
Coexisting with Skunks in Residential Areas
Prevention
Practical measures can be taken to discourage skunks from making a home on or near your property. Since skunks are attracted to easy food sources, securing trash cans with tight-fitting or locking lids is an effective deterrent. Removing outdoor pet food and fallen fruit also eliminates common food attractants. Skunks often dig small holes in lawns while foraging for insects and grubs.
To prevent denning, homeowners should seal potential entry points under sheds, decks, and porches, as skunks readily use these dark, sheltered spaces. Fencing should extend at least a foot underground, as these animals are skilled at burrowing beneath structures. Since skunks are nocturnal, installing motion-activated lighting or sprinklers can discourage them from entering the yard at night.
Cleanup and Safety
If a pet is sprayed, act quickly and keep the animal outdoors to prevent the odor from spreading inside. A highly effective homemade remedy to neutralize the sulfur-based compounds in the spray is a mixture of one quart of 3% hydrogen peroxide, one-quarter cup of baking soda, and one teaspoon of liquid dish soap. Apply this solution immediately, avoiding the pet’s eyes, and then thoroughly rinse. If a pet’s eyes appear red or irritated, flush them immediately with cool water or a proper eye wash for 10 to 15 minutes. Skunks can carry rabies, so any bite or scratch requires immediate veterinary consultation.