Scorpions do live in Virginia, a fact that surprises many who associate these arachnids solely with arid desert environments. While most species thrive in hot, dry climates, the native Virginia scorpion has adapted to the state’s temperate and humid conditions. This species is an established, though often unseen, part of the state’s diverse ecosystem.
Confirmation and Species Identification
The only native scorpion species found in the state is the Southern Devil Scorpion, scientifically known as Vaejovis carolinianus. This species is indigenous to the southeastern United States. Adults are small, typically measuring between one and two inches in length, including their claws and tail. Their coloration is generally a solid, dark brown or reddish-brown, allowing them to blend into their natural surroundings. The Southern Devil Scorpion has relatively thick pincers and a slender tail, a characteristic that often suggests a lower toxicity level compared to scorpions with thin pincers and thicker tails.
Preferred Habitats and Distribution
The distribution of the Southern Devil Scorpion in Virginia is concentrated in the state’s southern and southwestern regions, particularly within the Appalachian mountain chain. This area provides the mesic mixed woodland environment that the species prefers. They are nocturnal, spending daylight hours hidden to conserve moisture and avoid predators.
Outdoors, they are frequently encountered hiding under rocks, loose bark, fallen logs, and leaf litter. Woodpiles and debris stacks are also common, as these areas offer excellent cover and retain humidity. They may wander into human structures, especially if the weather becomes excessively dry or cold. Indoors, they fit through small gaps and are commonly found in dark, moist areas like basements, crawl spaces, and utility closets.
Toxicity and Safety Concerns
The venom of the Southern Devil Scorpion is considered mildly potent and is not medically significant to humans. A sting is typically described as comparable to a wasp or bee sting in terms of immediate sensation and effect. Symptoms are usually localized and temporary, primarily involving sharp pain, some redness, and minor swelling at the injection site.
Serious medical issues are rare and generally only occur if a person has an underlying allergy to the venom, similar to an allergy to bee stings. If stung, the recommended first aid involves cleaning the area with soap and water and applying a cold compress to help reduce pain and swelling. While the sting is painful, the risk of serious harm from this native species is low.