Several scorpion species live across Utah, adapting to the state’s diverse environments. While often associated with hotter desert climates, these arachnids thrive in Utah’s varied landscapes. Understanding their presence helps in coexisting safely.
Scorpion Species in Utah
Utah is home to approximately nine scorpion species, though only one poses a significant health risk. The Northern Scorpion ( Paruroctonus boreus ) is common throughout Utah. These small scorpions have large, rounded pincers and a thin tail. Their sting causes localized pain and numbness, similar to a hornet’s sting.
The Arizona Bark Scorpion ( Centruroides sculpturatus ) is Utah’s only medically significant species. This light brown scorpion has slender pincers and a thicker tail. Its venom can cause severe pain, numbness, tingling, and temporary muscle dysfunction, posing a particular risk to small children, the elderly, or those with compromised immune systems. Other species, like the Giant Desert Hairy Scorpion ( Hadrurus arizonensis ) and the Black Hairy Scorpion ( Hadrurus spadix ), are found primarily in southern Utah. These larger scorpions have less potent venom, causing pain similar to a bee sting.
Where Scorpions Live and Thrive in Utah
Scorpions in Utah typically inhabit semi-arid deserts, rocky terrains, and arid foothills. They are nocturnal creatures, seeking shelter during the day and emerging at night to hunt for prey. Common daytime hiding spots include under rocks, logs, debris, woodpiles, and in crevices.
Their flattened bodies allow them to squeeze into small openings, including cracks in foundations, gaps under doors, and homes. While most species concentrate in southern Utah, some, like the Northern Scorpion, have a wider distribution. Scorpions can also be found in residential areas, especially near natural habitats, seeking refuge from heat or dryness.
Scorpion Encounters: Safety and Prevention
Knowing how to react to a scorpion encounter is important for safety. If you see one, avoid direct contact or provoking it. The Arizona Bark Scorpion, identifiable by its slender pincers and thicker tail, is the species of concern. Its sting can produce symptoms like muscle twitching, slurred speech, or difficulty breathing.
If stung by a scorpion, immediately clean the sting site with soap and water. Apply a cold compress to reduce pain and swelling. Call the Utah Poison Control Center at 1-800-222-1222 for medical instructions, especially if the sting is from an Arizona Bark Scorpion or if the person stung is a child, elderly, or develops severe symptoms. Medical attention may be necessary for severe reactions; an antivenom is available for Arizona Bark Scorpion stings.
Preventative measures can reduce scorpion encounters around your home. Seal cracks in exterior walls and foundations, and ensure windows and doors have tight-fitting screens and weather stripping. Remove outdoor harborage like woodpiles, leaf litter, and debris near the house to deter scorpions. Inside, shake out shoes, clothing, and bedding before use, especially in warmer months, as scorpions may hide there. Reducing excess moisture also makes the environment less attractive to scorpions and their prey.