Scorpions are present in California, with several species inhabiting the state’s diverse geography, from deserts to forests. Understanding local species and their behaviors helps minimize potential risks and promotes safe coexistence.
Common Scorpions in California
California hosts numerous scorpion species, but only one is medically significant. The Desert Hairy Scorpion (Hadrurus arizonensis), North America’s largest at up to 5.5 inches, delivers a sting comparable to a bee’s, causing localized pain but not serious.
The California Bark Scorpion (Centruroides sculpturatus) is the only species in California with venom that can cause severe symptoms. This smaller scorpion, typically 3 inches long, has a slender tail and pincers. Other common species, like the Striped-tailed and California Forest Scorpions, are found statewide. Their stings are usually mild, similar to a bee or wasp.
Where Scorpions Reside in California
Scorpions primarily inhabit California’s arid and semi-arid environments, including deserts, foothills, and parts of the Central Valley and Sierra Nevada. The Desert Hairy Scorpion thrives in the Sonoran and Mojave Deserts, digging burrows up to 8 feet deep or seeking refuge under rocks and logs.
The California Bark Scorpion is found predominantly in southeastern California, near the Arizona border. This species climbs well, residing in palm trees, under bark, and in rocky crevices. Striped-tailed Scorpions are widespread in Southern California’s sandy soils and rocky hillsides, often seeking humid areas. California Forest Scorpions prefer moist redwood forests and oak woodlands, found under rocks, bark, and dead trees.
Scorpions are nocturnal, hiding during the day and hunting at night. They may enter homes through small openings, seeking cool, dark areas like closets, attics, or crawl spaces, and can be found inside shoes or clothing.
Understanding Scorpion Stings
Most scorpion stings in California cause localized pain, swelling, numbness, and tingling, similar to a bee sting. These symptoms typically subside within 30 to 48 hours and usually do not require medical intervention. However, the California Bark Scorpion’s sting can be more severe due to its potent neurotoxic venom.
Symptoms of a California Bark Scorpion sting include intense pain, muscle twitching, difficulty breathing, frothing at the mouth, slurred speech, and unusual eye movements. Children, the elderly, and those with compromised immune systems are more susceptible to severe reactions. If stung, clean the area with soap and water and apply a cold compress. Seek medical attention if severe symptoms develop, if the sting is from a suspected bark scorpion, or if a vulnerable individual is stung. Antivenom is available for severe cases.
Living Safely with Scorpions
Minimizing scorpion encounters involves several practical steps around the home and yard. Seal cracks and openings in foundations, walls, and around pipes to prevent entry. Ensure doors and windows have tight seals and intact screens, as scorpions can fit through gaps as narrow as 1/16 inch.
Clear debris like woodpiles, rocks, and leaf litter away from the house to remove hiding spots. Inside, shake out shoes and clothing before use and be cautious when reaching into dark areas to prevent accidental stings. A black light at night can reveal scorpions, as they fluoresce under ultraviolet light, making them easier to spot and remove. Maintaining a tidy outdoor environment and regularly inspecting potential harborage areas contributes to a safer living space.