Red wasps are a common type of paper wasp, and they can sting. These insects are found throughout the central and eastern United States, often near human dwellings. While their presence can be concerning, understanding their characteristics and behaviors helps in safely coexisting with them.
Identifying Red Wasps
Red wasps are recognizable by their distinct appearance, with a reddish-brown body complemented by black wings. They possess a slender waist and long legs that often dangle beneath them during flight. These wasps measure up to 1.5 inches in length.
They construct paper nests from chewed wood fibers mixed with their saliva. These nests are umbrella-shaped with open cells visible on the underside. Red wasps build their nests in protected locations, such as under eaves, within attics, inside outbuildings, or under decks and bridges.
Understanding Red Wasp Stinging Behavior
Red wasps sting as a defensive measure. They sting if their nest is threatened or they are directly provoked. Accidental disturbances, such as approaching a nest or swatting at a wasp, can prompt a sting.
Unlike bees, red wasps do not lose their stinger after an attack, allowing them to sting multiple times. Their defensive behavior intensifies in late summer and early fall as colonies reach their peak population and food sources become scarcer. During these periods, wasps exhibit increased territoriality and responsiveness to threats.
What a Red Wasp Sting Feels Like
A red wasp sting causes an immediate, sharp, and burning sensation. Many describe the initial pain as similar to a jab or a hot pinprick. This intense pain is followed by localized symptoms at the sting site.
Common reactions include redness, swelling, often forming a raised welt, and a feeling of warmth. Itching often accompanies these symptoms and can persist for hours. While the initial pain subsides within one to two hours, the redness and swelling can last for several days, sometimes up to a week. Some individuals experience a “large local reaction,” where swelling extends beyond the immediate sting area, sometimes with nausea or vomiting. In rare instances, a sting can trigger a severe allergic reaction.
First Aid for a Red Wasp Sting
If stung by a red wasp, immediately wash the affected area thoroughly with soap and water. Applying a cold compress or ice pack to the sting site for 10 to 20 minutes reduces swelling and pain; always place a cloth barrier between the ice and skin.
Over-the-counter pain relievers, such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen, manage discomfort. Topical creams containing hydrocortisone or calamine, or oral antihistamines, can alleviate itching and swelling. Watch for signs of a severe allergic reaction, known as anaphylaxis. Symptoms requiring immediate emergency medical attention include:
Widespread hives
Difficulty breathing or wheezing
Swelling of the face, lips, or throat
Dizziness
A rapid or weak pulse
Nausea
Vomiting
Loss of consciousness