Raccoons are adaptable mammals recognized by their distinctive facial masks and bushy, ringed tails. These intelligent creatures are primarily nocturnal. Originating from North America, raccoons have successfully expanded their presence across diverse environments, including forests, wetlands, and increasingly, urban and suburban landscapes. Their ability to thrive in various settings highlights their opportunistic nature and resourcefulness. This widespread distribution often leads to questions about their living habits and where these animals establish their homes.
The Raccoon’s “Home”
Raccoons do not construct traditional nests, unlike many bird species. Instead, these adaptable mammals utilize existing natural formations or structures as shelters, often referred to as dens. Their choice of den sites reflects an opportunistic approach, as they readily occupy locations that offer security and protection from weather and predators.
In natural environments, raccoons frequently seek out hollow trees and tree cavities, which provide enclosed and elevated spaces. They also commonly use abandoned burrows, rock crevices, and natural caves. Dense brush piles and hollow logs serve as suitable natural den options.
In developed areas, raccoons demonstrate their adaptability by readily using human-made structures for shelter. This includes attics, chimneys, sheds, and spaces under porches or in abandoned vehicles. These urban and suburban dens offer similar benefits to natural ones, providing cover, insulation, and a safe refuge from the elements and potential disturbances. Their dexterous paws and climbing abilities allow them to access various den types, from tree hollows to residential attics.
Why Raccoons Choose Their Dens
Raccoons select den sites primarily for safety and survival. A den provides protection from predators, allowing raccoons to rest securely during inactive periods. These shelters also offer refuge from harsh weather conditions, including extreme cold, heat, and precipitation, helping them conserve energy. During winter, while they do not truly hibernate, raccoons may remain in their dens for extended periods during severe cold snaps.
Dens are important for female raccoons when raising their young, known as kits. A secure and secluded den offers a safe nursery where kits are born and remain for their initial weeks. Females often prioritize locations that are well-hidden and difficult for predators to access, ensuring the vulnerability of their offspring is minimized.
Raccoons often maintain multiple den sites within their home range, sometimes using them interchangeably. They may move between these dens due to disturbance, changes in food availability, or the need for a more secure location, especially if a den is compromised. This rotational use of dens also helps manage parasite loads and avoids attracting unwanted attention to a single location.
Living Alongside Raccoons
As raccoons increasingly adapt to urban and suburban environments, understanding their denning habits becomes relevant for human residents. Common signs of raccoon presence near homes include overturned trash cans, visible tracks in soft ground, and distinct noises, such as scratching or thumping, coming from attics, chimneys, or crawl spaces. These animals often seek out human structures for their dens due to the ready availability of sheltered spaces and potential food sources.
To discourage raccoons from denning in unwanted areas, preventative measures are beneficial. Securing potential entry points into homes, attics, and sheds by repairing loose shingles, sealing holes, and capping chimneys can deter them effectively. Managing attractants, such as securing garbage cans with tight-fitting, animal-proof lids and ensuring pet food is not left outdoors, significantly reduces the appeal of a property. Additionally, placing bird feeders away from trees or structures raccoons can climb helps eliminate accessible food sources.
Co-existing with raccoons involves understanding their behaviors and taking proactive steps to minimize potential conflicts. While their adaptability allows them to thrive alongside humans, these strategic measures help ensure that both raccoons and people can safely share their environments without disturbance or property damage.