Raccoons are common in urban and suburban areas, and their presence near human dwellings raises concerns about disease spread. As mammals that forage in dense undergrowth and residential yards, raccoons frequently encounter ticks. These nocturnal animals can inadvertently transport disease-carrying parasites into environments shared by people and pets. This article explores the types of ticks raccoons carry, the associated health risks, and steps residents can take to minimize exposure.
Raccoons as Tick Hosts
Raccoons are highly effective hosts for ticks, often harboring substantial numbers of these parasites. Their wide foraging range and habit of moving between wooded areas and residential properties ensure frequent exposure to tick populations in tall grasses and brushy areas. Raccoons frequently use communal den sites, woodpiles, and crawlspaces. These sheltered locations become hotspots where engorged ticks drop off, later emerging to seek new hosts and creating a cycle of infestation. Studies show that a high percentage of captured raccoons carry ticks, bringing them into close contact with yards and homes.
Specific Tick Species and Associated Pathogens
Several medically significant tick species feed on raccoons, linking these wildlife hosts to potential human health concerns. The Blacklegged tick (Ixodes scapularis), known for transmitting Lyme disease, is commonly found on raccoons. Raccoons act as reservoirs for Borrelia burgdorferi, maintaining the pathogen in the environment.
The American dog tick (Dermacentor variabilis) and the Lone Star tick (Amblyomma americanum) also frequently utilize raccoons as hosts. The American dog tick is the primary vector for Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF). Lone Star ticks can transmit the agents responsible for ehrlichiosis and Southern Tick-Associated Rash Illness (STARI).
Preventing Tick Exposure from Wildlife
Reducing the risk of tick exposure requires discouraging raccoons and other wildlife from lingering on residential property. Residents should secure all potential food sources, such as tightly lidded garbage cans and indoor pet food, which attract raccoons closer to the home. Fencing and motion-activated lighting can also deter animals from high-traffic areas.
Landscaping modifications are effective in creating a less hospitable environment for ticks. Removing leaf litter and clearing tall grasses and brush around the home perimeter eliminates prime tick habitat. Creating a three-foot-wide barrier of wood chips or gravel between the lawn and wooded areas can restrict tick migration. Pet owners should use veterinarian-recommended tick preventatives and inspect animals regularly, as pets can carry ticks indoors.