Clematis, a popular climbing vine, is a frequent target for garden-dwelling rabbits. Rabbits often eat this plant, readily nibbling on the tender, newly emerged shoots and leaves near the ground, especially when other food sources are scarce. While rabbits consume the vine, Clematis is classified as a toxic plant. This presents a dual problem for homeowners, involving both damage to the ornamental vine and a potential health risk to the animal.
Palatability and Consumption Habits
Rabbits often damage Clematis by targeting the softest parts of the plant, such as young shoots and the lower, more accessible leaves. Newly planted Clematis stock is particularly vulnerable because the entire plant lacks the tough, woody stems of mature vines. Rabbits are generalist herbivores and consume a wide variety of vegetation based on availability. This consumption is especially noticeable in early spring when their natural diet of grasses and forbs may be limited, making the tender new Clematis growth an attractive food source. Although the mild toxicity and bitter taste often deter a rabbit from consuming a lethal amount, they will still sample and damage the vine.
Toxicity and Health Risks to Rabbits
Clematis belongs to the buttercup family (Ranunculaceae), which contains irritant compounds. The toxic principle is ranunculin, an irritant glycoside. When a rabbit chews the plant, enzymes convert ranunculin into protoanemonin, a vesicant that irritates mucous membranes and skin. Ingestion typically causes rapid oral pain and irritation, with symptoms including excessive salivation and a burning sensation in the mouth. This immediate discomfort usually prevents the rabbit from consuming a lethal amount; however, larger quantities can cause gastrointestinal distress, abdominal pain, and mild diarrhea, meaning suspected ingestion in domestic rabbits should be taken seriously.
Strategies for Protecting Clematis
Protecting Clematis involves two primary methods: physical exclusion and sensory deterrents. Physical barriers are the most effective way to prevent rabbits from reaching vulnerable parts of the vine. For new plantings, a cylinder or cage made of chicken wire (one-inch mesh or smaller) should be placed around the base. The barrier must be 18 to 24 inches tall to prevent access to lower foliage and secured or buried a few inches deep to discourage digging. Alternatively, commercial rabbit repellents that create a foul taste or odor can be applied directly to the foliage, though these require reapplication, especially after rain.