Yes, possums do have tails. The North American Opossum, Didelphis virginiana, is the only marsupial found in the United States and Canada, and is easily identifiable by this appendage. This specialized tail serves multiple functions and plays a significant role in the animal’s survival and movement.
Anatomy and Appearance of the Possum Tail
The tail of the opossum is notably long, often making up a substantial portion of the animal’s total length, reaching up to 20 inches. Structurally, it is thick and muscular near the base, but tapers to a slender tip. Unlike the rest of the body, which is covered in thick fur, the tail is largely hairless, giving it a distinct, almost rat-like appearance.
The skin covering the tail is not smooth; instead, it features small, overlapping scales known as scutes. These scutes offer a layer of protection and may aid in grip while climbing. Internally, the tail contains a series of bones, called caudal vertebrae, which provide flexibility and strength for its specialized movements. The hairless nature of the tail, along with the ears and toes, makes it susceptible to frostbite in colder climates.
The Tail’s Role in Movement and Survival
The opossum’s tail is a prehensile organ, meaning it is adapted for grasping or holding objects, effectively acting as a fifth limb. This ability is extremely useful for their semi-arboreal lifestyle, allowing them to wrap the tail securely around branches and tree limbs. The tail provides an anchor point, significantly enhancing stability while the animal navigates the canopy.
It is also an important tool for maintaining balance, helping the opossum stabilize itself when moving along narrow or unstable surfaces. When moving on the ground, the tail can be used as a prop or a “tripod,” adding support and leverage to their gait. The tail is also actively used for transporting materials; the opossum gathers leaves, grasses, and twigs, then curls its tail over the bundle to carry nesting materials back to a den.
Addressing Common Possum Tail Myths
A common piece of folklore suggests that opossums habitually hang upside down by their tails for long periods, often while sleeping. This is inaccurate, as the tail muscles of a full-grown adult opossum are not strong enough to support the animal’s full body weight for an extended duration. The myth likely originated from observing juveniles, which are much lighter and can briefly dangle from their tails.
Opossums do not sleep while suspended from a branch; they typically rest in a den or a sheltered area. Another misconception concerns the use of the tail for carrying objects. While they use their semi-prehensile tail to carry small bundles of nesting materials like leaves, the image of them carrying large, heavy loads is often exaggerated. The tail’s primary function remains balance, stability, and acting as a temporary anchor.