While possums can contract rabies, instances of them carrying the virus are highly uncommon compared to other wildlife species. Health organizations consistently report these marsupials are rarely found to be rabid.
Why Possums Rarely Get Rabies
The primary biological reason for the low occurrence of rabies in possums is their lower-than-average body temperature. The rabies virus thrives and replicates most effectively around 98.6°F (37°C). A possum’s average body temperature, which can fluctuate between 94-97°F (34.4-36.1°C), is less hospitable for the virus’s survival. This physiological characteristic hinders the virus from establishing a robust infection.
Beyond their physiology, possums have a behavioral defense that reduces their rabies risk: playing possum. When threatened, they feign death, entering a catatonic state instead of aggressive confrontation. This strategy minimizes direct, aggressive encounters that could lead to biting, the primary mode of rabies transmission. In contrast, raccoons, foxes, and bats are more frequently identified as rabies carriers because their behaviors and body temperatures are more conducive to the virus.
Signs of Rabies in Animals
Recognizing the signs of rabies in any animal is important for public safety. Animals infected with the rabies virus often exhibit significant changes in behavior. These can include unusual aggression, such as unprovoked attacks, or, conversely, an uncharacteristic tameness or lack of fear towards humans.
Physical symptoms can also manifest, including disorientation, difficulty walking, or paralysis. Excessive drooling or foaming at the mouth is a commonly recognized sign, though not always present. Nocturnal animals, like bats or skunks, appearing during daylight hours can indicate illness, including rabies.
Steps to Take After a Wildlife Encounter
If you or a pet has an encounter with any wild animal, including a possum, and a bite or scratch occurs, immediate action is necessary. For humans, thoroughly wash the wound with soap and water for several minutes to remove potential viral particles. Following initial cleaning, promptly seek medical attention from a healthcare professional, who can assess the risk and determine if post-exposure prophylaxis is required.
It is also important to contact your local animal control or health department to report the incident. They can provide guidance on capturing or observing the animal for testing, if appropriate, and offer further instructions based on local protocols. For pets, ensure their rabies vaccinations are current, and consult with a veterinarian immediately after any wildlife exposure. Always avoid approaching or attempting to handle wild animals, even those that appear docile or injured, as their behavior can be unpredictable.