Many people wonder about the vocalizations of opossums, particularly if these marsupials produce a barking sound. This curiosity often stems from encounters with nocturnal animals, raising questions about their specific noises. Understanding the actual sounds of the North American Opossum can help clarify these observations.
The Truth About Possum Sounds
North American Opossums, often simply called possums, do not bark. Their vocal repertoire does not include barking. Instead, these marsupials utilize a range of distinct sounds to interact with their environment and other animals.
The most characteristic sound made by an opossum is a hiss, used when threatened or frightened. They may also emit a low growl when agitated or to assert dominance, especially during mating interactions. Other vocalizations include chattering or clicking noises, which can occur when they are searching for food or during social interactions. In moments of distress or danger, opossums produce loud screeching or screaming sounds. Baby opossums, or joeys, make softer, sneezing-like or chirping sounds to signal their mother for attention or care.
Why Possums Vocalize
Opossums vocalize primarily for defensive purposes or during specific social contexts. The hissing sound serves as a warning to potential predators. This defensive display is often accompanied by an open-mouthed posture, baring their teeth to enhance the intimidating effect. Growling also functions as a warning, signaling displeasure or a territorial claim.
During the breeding season, males may produce clicking or lip-smacking sounds to attract females. These clicks help them locate mates. Conversely, the loud screeching or screaming sounds are reserved for situations of intense fear, pain, or direct attack, acting as an alarm to startle an aggressor. These vocalizations are not for general communication but for critical moments of survival or reproduction.
Distinguishing Possums from Other Animals
The misconception that opossums bark often arises from misidentification of sounds made by other nocturnal creatures. Animals that do bark, such as dogs, foxes, or coyotes, are frequently active at night and may be heard in areas where opossums also reside. Raccoon sounds, which can include barks, might also be confused with opossum vocalizations.
It is important to differentiate between the North American Opossum (Didelphis virginiana) and Australian possum species, as some Australian possums, like the Common Brushtail Possum, are known to make barking sounds. The North American Opossum, however, uses characteristic hisses, growls, and clicks. Recognizing these specific sounds can help accurately identify the animal responsible for noises heard in the night.