A “popped blood vessel in the eye” is medically termed a subconjunctival hemorrhage. This condition occurs when a tiny blood vessel breaks just beneath the clear surface of the eye, known as the conjunctiva. While its appearance can be startling, resembling a bright red spot on the white part of the eye, it typically does not cause pain. It is often a harmless occurrence, similar to a bruise on the skin, and usually resolves without intervention.
Common Causes
Subconjunctival hemorrhages frequently arise from sudden, temporary increases in pressure within the head or neck. Activities such as violent coughing, powerful sneezing, or straining during bowel movements can cause these small blood vessels to rupture. Vomiting or heavy lifting also elevate pressure, potentially leading to a hemorrhage. Even minor actions like rubbing the eyes too vigorously or mild trauma to the eye can be responsible.
In many instances, there is no identifiable cause for the hemorrhage. Less common factors include certain underlying medical conditions, such as high blood pressure, which can make blood vessels more fragile. Individuals taking blood-thinning medications, like aspirin or anticoagulants, may also experience these hemorrhages more frequently due to impaired blood clotting. Bleeding disorders, though rare, can also contribute to recurrent episodes.
Appearance and Sensations
A subconjunctival hemorrhage manifests as a bright red patch on the white part of the eye, the sclera. This redness is sharply defined and can range from a small dot to a more extensive area of bleeding. The blood becomes trapped between the conjunctiva and the sclera, giving it a flat, vibrant appearance that cannot be wiped away.
Most individuals do not feel any discomfort. Vision remains unaffected, and there is usually no discharge or increased sensitivity to light. Often, a subconjunctival hemorrhage is discovered incidentally, such as when looking in a mirror or when another person points it out.
When to See a Doctor
While most subconjunctival hemorrhages are benign, certain accompanying symptoms warrant medical evaluation. If the red spot in the eye is accompanied by pain, discharge, or changes in vision such as blurriness, double vision, or light sensitivity, seek medical attention. These symptoms might indicate a more serious underlying eye condition.
Recurring subconjunctival hemorrhages without a clear cause also suggest the need for a medical assessment. If the hemorrhage occurs following significant trauma to the eye or head, consult a healthcare provider to rule out more severe injuries. Individuals taking blood-thinning medications or with a known bleeding disorder should report a subconjunctival hemorrhage to their doctor. A medical professional can assess for conditions like uncontrolled high blood pressure or systemic vascular disorders. Prompt medical consultation is recommended if the redness spreads, does not improve within a few weeks, or is accompanied by other systemic symptoms like a severe headache or weakness.
Expected Recovery
Most subconjunctival hemorrhages require no specific medical treatment. The leaked blood naturally reabsorbs into the body, similar to a bruise healing. Resolution typically takes one to two weeks, though larger hemorrhages may take up to three weeks.
As the blood reabsorbs, the patch’s color changes, transitioning from bright red to shades of yellow or brown before disappearing. No treatments accelerate this natural healing process. Avoid rubbing the affected eye and using over-the-counter eye drops unless prescribed by a healthcare professional.