Feeling like a pill is stuck in your throat is a common and unsettling experience. This sensation can cause discomfort and anxiety about whether the medication has truly gone down. While usually not a serious medical emergency, understanding why this happens and what to do can help prevent future occurrences.
Why Pills Get Stuck
Pills can feel stuck in the throat due to anatomical and physiological factors. A primary reason is insufficient lubrication; without enough moisture, pills, especially larger or coated varieties, struggle to slide smoothly down the esophagus. The cricopharyngeus muscle, a sphincter at the top of the esophagus, is a common spot for pills to become lodged. This lack of fluid often results from dry swallowing.
The physical characteristics of the pill itself also play a significant role. Pills with hard or soft gelatin capsules, as well as those that are oval or oblong, are more likely to cause swallowing difficulties compared to round or irregularly shaped tablets. Sometimes, even if a pill has passed, muscle spasms in the throat or esophagus can create the persistent sensation of something being stuck. These spasms can be triggered by swallowing large pills or an inadequate amount of liquid.
Certain medical conditions can increase the likelihood of pills getting stuck. Dysphagia, or difficulty swallowing, can result from various issues and makes ingesting pills more challenging. Acid reflux (GERD) can cause esophageal irritation and inflammation, making it more susceptible to pills lodging there and potentially exacerbating reflux symptoms. Additionally, reduced saliva production, often seen in older adults or those taking certain medications like antihistamines, can also hinder a pill’s passage.
When a pill becomes lodged, it can lead to a condition called pill esophagitis, where the medication dissolves and causes irritation, inflammation, or even ulcers in the esophageal tissue. Symptoms of pill esophagitis can include a dull, aching pain in the chest or shoulder, difficulty swallowing, and a feeling of something being stuck. This discomfort can appear shortly after taking the medication and may last for several hours to a few days.
What to Do If a Pill Gets Stuck
If you experience the sensation of a pill being stuck, the first step is to remain calm. Panicking can cause your throat muscles to tighten, potentially making the pill harder to dislodge. Taking several large gulps of water can help flush the pill down the esophagus, as the act of gulping helps open the pharynx.
Eating a soft food, such as a piece of bread soaked in water or a banana, can also help push the pill along. If coughing occurs, it is a good sign, indicating the airway is not completely obstructed and the body is trying to expel the pill. Continuing to cough can be effective in dislodging the pill. Do not wait for the pill to dissolve in the throat, especially for enteric-coated pills, as this can lead to burning and pain as the medication irritates the esophageal lining.
Seek immediate medical attention if the feeling of a pill being stuck is accompanied by severe symptoms such as persistent pain, difficulty breathing, a choking sensation, or chest pain. These symptoms could indicate that the pill has entered the windpipe (trachea) or larynx (voice box). If a person cannot breathe, cough, or speak, call emergency services right away.
How to Prevent Pills from Getting Stuck
Preventing pills from getting stuck involves simple adjustments to your swallowing technique and habits. Always take pills with a sufficient amount of water to ensure adequate lubrication for smooth passage through the esophagus. Moistening your mouth thoroughly before taking the pill can also be beneficial.
Several swallowing techniques can help. The “pop bottle method” involves placing a capsule on your tongue, closing your lips tightly around a water bottle, and sucking water. This helps the capsule float to the back of your throat. For tablets, the “lean forward method” can be effective: place the tablet on your tongue, take a medium sip of water, and immediately lean your head forward towards your chest as you swallow. This position changes the natural swallowing reflex, making it easier for the tablet to go down.
Always consult a pharmacist or doctor before crushing pills or opening capsules. Some medications are designed for slow release or have protective coatings, and altering them can affect their efficacy or cause adverse reactions. Discussing any persistent difficulties with a healthcare provider is also advisable, as they can assess for underlying conditions like dysphagia or acid reflux and suggest strategies or alternative medication forms. Taking pills while sitting upright and avoiding lying down immediately after ingestion can also help prevent them from lodging in the esophagus.