Pigeons make a variety of noises, extending far beyond the familiar cooing sound. These vocalizations and other sounds are integral to their daily lives, serving diverse communication purposes and offering insight into their social interactions.
The Common Coo
The characteristic “coo” is a pigeon’s most recognizable vocalization, typically described as a low-pitched, guttural, and rhythmic sound. Male pigeons often use prolonged cooing, sometimes accompanied by strutting, bowing, and tail-fanning displays, to attract potential partners and establish territory.
Cooing varies depending on the context. A softer, more gentle coo might be part of courtship rituals, reinforcing bonds between paired pigeons at their nesting site. Conversely, a louder, more assertive coo signals territorial defense, used by males to warn off other pigeons. Pigeons also use cooing for maintaining social cohesion within a flock and communicating with their offspring.
Beyond the Cooing Sound
Pigeons produce sounds that do not involve vocal cords, including those made by their wings. During courtship displays, male pigeons may perform “wing claps” by slapping their wingtips together on the upswing of a flap. This percussive sound serves as a display to potential mates. Rapid flight, especially during takeoff or when startled, can also create a distinct whooshing or whistling sound from their wings, which may function as an alarm.
Pigeons also have specific vocalizations for danger and distress. An “alarm grunt” is a short, sharp sound pigeons utter when startled or sensing a potential threat, alerting other members of the flock. Young pigeons, known as squabs, produce high-pitched chirps and squeaks primarily to signal their hunger and solicit feeding from their parents. These begging sounds are crucial for their survival.
When Pigeons Are Most Vocal
Pigeons are most vocal during specific times and circumstances throughout the day and year. The mating season, typically occurring during spring and summer, significantly increases their vocal activity. During this period, males engage in more frequent cooing and display sounds to attract mates and defend nesting sites.
Pigeons are generally more audible during daylight hours, particularly in the morning and evening. These times coincide with their foraging activities, social interactions within the flock, and their return to roosting sites. Threats or disturbances can also trigger an immediate increase in vocalizations, leading to alarm calls.