A penile cyst is a fluid-filled sac that can form on or within the penis. These growths are typically benign. While many penile cysts are harmless, their potential for spontaneous resolution varies depending on the specific type of cyst.
Common Types of Penile Cysts and Their Resolution
Median raphe cysts are uncommon, congenital cysts forming when tissue becomes trapped near the median raphe. These cysts are solitary and translucent, often appearing on the penile shaft. While usually asymptomatic, some cases can cause symptoms such as painful urination or changes in urinary frequency. Spontaneous resolution has been reported in some instances, particularly in children. Surgical excision is a definitive treatment for symptomatic cases.
Epidermoid cysts are benign, keratin-filled lesions arising from trapped skin cells. Although they can occur anywhere on the body, their presence on the penis is rare. These cysts present as small, firm lumps under the skin and may slowly grow larger. Epidermoid cysts do not resolve on their own and may require surgical removal if uncomfortable or significantly sized.
Sebaceous cysts form when sebaceous glands, which produce skin oil, become blocked or damaged. These cysts appear as small lumps under the skin and are painless unless inflamed. While some sebaceous cysts may resolve naturally, many persist and can be managed with warm compresses to encourage drainage if bothersome. Persistent or bothersome sebaceous cysts may be treated with incision and drainage or surgical removal.
Fordyce spots are small, yellowish-white bumps, enlarged oil glands not associated with hair follicles. They appear on the lips, inner cheeks, and on the penis and scrotum. These spots are a natural anatomical variation, not caused by infection or any underlying medical issue. Fordyce spots do not require treatment as they are harmless, though they do not disappear on their own and can be cosmetically treated if desired.
When to Consult a Doctor
Consult a healthcare provider if you discover any new or unusual lump on the penis. This is important because while many penile cysts are harmless, other conditions, including sexually transmitted infections (STIs) or penile cancer, can present with similar symptoms. A medical professional can accurately diagnose the lump and recommend appropriate management.
Signs and symptoms warranting prompt medical evaluation include persistent pain or discomfort, rapid growth or changes in the lump’s size or color, or any discharge. Redness, warmth, or fever with the lump may indicate an infection requiring timely medical attention. If the lump interferes with urination or sexual activity, a doctor’s consultation is recommended to determine the best course of action, which may involve observation, medication, or surgical removal.