Paper wasps are a common sight in many outdoor environments. Understanding their behaviors and how to safely coexist with them is helpful.
Understanding Paper Wasp Stings
Yes, paper wasps do sting. They inject venom primarily as a defensive action. They typically sting if they or their nest are threatened or disturbed. While not as aggressive as yellowjackets or hornets, paper wasps will defend their territory. Paper wasps can sting repeatedly because, unlike honey bees, they do not leave their stinger behind. Though their stings are painful, they usually do not result in serious reactions for most individuals.
Responding to a Paper Wasp Sting
Immediately following a paper wasp sting, individuals typically experience localized pain, redness, and swelling at the sting site. Other common symptoms can include itching, warmth around the affected area, and sometimes hives. The initial sharp pain and burning sensation are caused by components like acetylcholine and serotonin in the venom. These local reactions usually subside within a few hours to a few days.
For treatment, clean the sting area thoroughly with soap and water to help remove any venom or bacteria. Applying a cold compress or ice pack, wrapped in a cloth, for 10-20 minute intervals can help reduce swelling and pain. Over-the-counter pain relievers, such as ibuprofen, can alleviate discomfort, while antihistamine creams or lotions may reduce itching and irritation. If a stinger is left behind, which is uncommon for paper wasps, it should be scraped out with a dull edge like a credit card rather than squeezed.
Seek immediate medical attention if signs of a severe allergic reaction, known as anaphylaxis, develop. Symptoms of anaphylaxis can appear rapidly and include difficulty breathing, wheezing, swelling of the face, lips, or throat, widespread hives or rash, dizziness, a sudden drop in blood pressure, or loss of consciousness. These systemic reactions can be life-threatening and require emergency care.
Avoiding Paper Wasp Stings
Preventing paper wasp stings involves recognizing the wasps and their nests, then taking measures to avoid disturbing them. Paper wasps are typically 0.5 to 1 inch long, with slender bodies, a narrow “waist,” and long legs that dangle during flight. Their coloration varies, often appearing brown with yellow markings, though some species may have reddish tints.
Paper wasp nests are distinctive, made from a paper-like material and shaped like an inverted umbrella or open comb with visible cells. These nests are commonly found in sheltered locations such as under eaves, porch ceilings, in attics, or attached to tree branches and shrubs. Inspecting these areas before engaging in outdoor activities can help identify potential nesting sites.
To avoid encounters, do not swat at individual wasps, as this can provoke them and release alarm pheromones that attract others. Keeping food and sugary drinks covered outdoors can deter wasps, as they are attracted to these sources, especially in late summer and early fall. Wearing shoes outdoors can prevent accidental stings if a wasp is on the ground. If a nest is discovered, maintain a safe distance and consider contacting a pest control professional for removal, rather than attempting it yourself.