Paper wasps are common insects often found building their distinctive nests in sheltered outdoor spaces. While their presence can cause concern, understanding their behavior clarifies they do not sting without provocation.
Understanding Paper Wasp Behavior
Paper wasps sting primarily as a defensive mechanism, employed when they feel threatened, their nest is disturbed, or they are accidentally provoked. Unlike some stinging insects, foraging paper wasps away from the nest are generally less aggressive and focused on their tasks.
When a paper wasp perceives a threat, it may first exhibit warning behaviors, such as posturing or flying around the nest. If the disturbance continues, the wasp may sting. Multiple stings are possible from a single wasp, as they do not lose their stinger. Disturbing a nest can also trigger alarm pheromones, alerting other wasps in the colony to perceived danger, potentially leading to a coordinated defensive response.
Identifying Paper Wasps and Nests
Recognizing paper wasps and their nests is helpful for avoiding unwanted interactions. Paper wasps are slender insects, typically 0.5 to 1 inch long, with a narrow waist. Their coloration often includes shades of reddish-brown, black, or orange, frequently with yellow markings. In flight, their long legs dangle beneath their bodies, distinguishing them from stockier yellow jackets.
Paper wasps construct unique umbrella-shaped, open-celled nests from a papery material. These nests typically hang from a single stalk and expose the hexagonal cells where their young develop. Common nesting sites include sheltered areas such as under eaves, in attics, beneath deck railings, and on tree branches. A mature nest can contain dozens of wasps.
Preventing Stings
Preventing stings involves understanding paper wasp behavior and taking proactive steps to minimize encounters. Avoid sudden movements near wasps or their nests, as this can be perceived as a threat. Inspecting outdoor areas like sheds, play equipment, or outdoor furniture before use can help identify hidden nests.
To deter wasps, keep outdoor food and sugary drinks covered, and ensure garbage cans are tightly sealed, as these attract foraging wasps. Wearing light-colored clothing and avoiding strong fragrances can also reduce attraction. Sealing cracks and gaps in homes can prevent wasps from building nests in sheltered structural areas. If a nest is located, professional removal is recommended, especially for mature nests, to ensure safety.
After a Sting
If a paper wasp sting occurs, prompt action can help manage symptoms. Unlike honey bees, paper wasps do not leave their stinger embedded in the skin, so removal is not necessary. Wash the sting area with soap and water.
Applying a cold compress or ice pack to the sting site helps reduce pain and swelling. Elevating the affected body part can also assist with swelling. Over-the-counter pain relievers and antihistamines can alleviate discomfort and itching. Seek immediate medical attention if symptoms of a severe allergic reaction, such as facial or throat swelling, difficulty breathing, or widespread hives, occur.