Owls, known for their silent flight and aerial hunting, are capable of moving across the ground. While primarily recognized for hunting from the air or a perch, terrestrial movement is a functional part of their natural behaviors. This ground activity adapts to various needs and environments.
Reasons for Ground Movement
Owls move on the ground for several practical reasons, primarily related to hunting and navigation. Many owl species hunt small mammals and insects, such as rodents, grasshoppers, and beetles. For instance, a Great Horned Owl might walk on the ground to actively search for prey. Barn Owls, known for their exceptional hearing, also specialize in hunting ground animals, often quartering the ground or pouncing from low perches.
Ground movement also facilitates travel between perches or to and from nesting sites. Owlets frequently spend time on the ground before they are fully capable of sustained flight. During this stage, they explore their surroundings, receive food from their parents, and gradually develop their flying skills. While adults typically spend less than 1% of their time walking, young owls commonly navigate on foot as they transition to independence.
How Owls Move on the Ground
An owl’s gait on the ground often appears awkward, differing from the fluid motion of birds adapted for terrestrial locomotion. Their legs and feet are designed more for perching and seizing prey than for extensive walking. Despite this, owls can propel themselves forward in short bursts, sometimes hopping.
Their strong talons, while used for grasping prey, also provide grip on the ground. The underside of an owl’s foot is typically rough, aiding in this grip. In some instances, owls may use their wings for balance, especially when moving across uneven terrain or taking short, low flights. Their leg structure, with knees positioned high and covered by feathers, contributes to their distinctive appearance when walking.
Notable Ground-Dwelling Owls
While most owls are known for their aerial habits, certain species are particularly adapted to a more terrestrial lifestyle. The Burrowing Owl (Athene cunicularia) spends a significant amount of time on the ground. Unlike many other owls, Burrowing Owls live underground in burrows, often repurposed from other animals.
Their longer legs enable them to sprint effectively when pursuing prey on foot. This adaptation allows them to chase insects, small rodents, and reptiles across open grasslands. Burrowing Owls are also active during the day, a contrast to the nocturnal habits of many other owls. Their terrestrial adaptations, including a higher tolerance for carbon dioxide, make them distinct.