Owls produce a diverse array of sounds. While the classic “hoot” is widely recognized, many species also emit sharp, piercing screeches. This vocalization is a prominent feature for some, serving various communicative purposes.
Identifying Owl Screeches
The Barn Owl is known for its unsettling screech, a raspy shriek lasting about two seconds. This sound is a primary form of communication for this species. While Barn Owls frequently use this call, other owl species may also produce screeching sounds, especially when young. Fledgling Great Horned Owls often screech to beg for food from their parents, even though adult Great Horned Owls primarily hoot. This sound can earn the Barn Owl the nickname “screech owl” in some regions.
Other Common Owl Sounds
Beyond screeches, owls produce hoots, hisses, barks, and clicks. The Great Horned Owl has deep, resonant hoots, typically a series like “hoo-h’HOO-hoo-hoo.” Barred Owls are recognized by their eight- or nine-note call that often sounds like “Who cooks for you? Who cooks for you-all?” Eastern Screech-Owls, despite their name, make a descending whinny resembling a horse’s whinny and a soft, even-pitched trill.
Some owl species also use non-vocal sounds. Many owls, including Great Horned, Short-eared, and Eastern Screech-Owls, snap their beaks when agitated or threatened. Short-eared Owls perform wing claps during courtship displays. Burrowing Owls can mimic a rattlesnake as a defense mechanism to deter predators. Owls also produce hisses, barks, growls, and coos.
Why Owls Vocalize
Owl vocalizations serve various purposes. One function is territorial marking, where owls use calls like hoots to announce their presence and warn other owls to stay out of their hunting and nesting areas. Male owls also use specific vocalizations to attract mates during the breeding season. These can include complex series of hoots, trills, or the persistent screeches of a male Barn Owl.
Vocalizations also play a role in pair bonding, with mated owls often engaging in duets. Additionally, owls use sounds as warnings or alarm signals. A screech can alert a mate to a nearby predator or be directed at a perceived threat. Young owls frequently emit begging calls for food, while females may use softer purring calls to request food from their male partners.