An overbite occurs when the upper front teeth overlap the lower front teeth. A slight overlap, typically 2 to 4 millimeters, is normal and necessary for proper oral function. However, an excessive overbite can lead to various oral health issues, raising questions about whether they worsen over time.
What an Overbite Is
An overbite, also known as a deep bite, is a type of malocclusion, which refers to an incorrect alignment of the teeth or jaws. It involves the vertical overlap of the upper front teeth over the lower front teeth. In severe instances, the lower teeth may even bite into the gum tissue behind the upper front teeth, a severe form called an impinging overbite.
Variations include a deep bite, where vertical overlap is pronounced, and an increased overjet, which describes a horizontal protrusion of the upper front teeth beyond the lower teeth. Genetic predispositions often contribute to overbites, as inherited jaw shape can influence tooth alignment. Jaw development issues, such as disproportionate jaw size, can also contribute. Certain oral habits, like prolonged thumb-sucking or pacifier use in childhood, or tongue thrusting, are additional causes.
Factors Influencing Overbite Progression
While an overbite is a structural characteristic, its symptoms and appearance can change throughout a person’s life. Natural aging and daily activities contribute to these changes. Chewing, biting, and clenching can cause teeth to wear down, altering how upper and lower teeth meet.
As people age, subtle changes occur in jaw and facial structure. The jawbone can lose density and shrink, leading to teeth shifting or crowding, especially in the lower front teeth. Missing teeth also affect bite alignment as neighboring teeth drift into empty spaces. Persistent oral habits like teeth grinding (bruxism) exert forces that wear down enamel and alter tooth alignment. The perception of an overbite “worsening” can encompass aesthetic changes, the development of functional problems, or increased discomfort.
Signs an Overbite Needs Attention
Several indicators suggest an overbite might be causing problems or progressing, warranting professional evaluation:
- Jaw pain or discomfort, including headaches and earaches, can arise from misaligned teeth and jaws, placing stress on the temporomandibular joint (TMJ).
- Difficulty chewing or biting into food, as an improper bite can hinder efficient mastication.
- Excessive wear on certain teeth, such as flattened or chipped front teeth, indicating grinding and leading to enamel erosion and increased sensitivity.
- Gum irritation, particularly behind the upper front teeth or around the lower front teeth, if the bite causes the teeth to rub against soft tissues.
- Speech impediments, such as lisping or difficulty pronouncing specific sounds like ‘s’ and ‘z’, which may develop or worsen due to altered tongue placement.
- Changes in facial appearance, where the chin may appear recessed or the lips protrude.
General Approaches to Overbite Management
Managing an overbite involves several principles focused on monitoring and intervention:
- Regular dental check-ups are important for early detection and ongoing monitoring of an overbite’s progression. A dentist can assess its severity and potential impact on oral health.
- Addressing contributing oral habits is beneficial. For children, this might involve discouraging thumb-sucking or pacifier use past a certain age. For adults, managing habits like teeth grinding, possibly with a night guard, can help reduce wear and tear on teeth and jaws.
- An orthodontic consultation is recommended when signs of a problematic overbite appear. An orthodontist can evaluate the specific type and severity of the overbite and discuss appropriate management options, which can vary depending on individual needs.
- Maintaining good oral hygiene is a preventive measure that protects teeth and gums, which can be vulnerable to complications from an overbite.