An ovarian cyst is a fluid-filled sac that forms on or within an ovary. These are common, often developing as a normal part of the menstrual cycle. While most ovarian cysts are harmless and resolve without symptoms, a fever typically signals a complication or another medical issue. This article explains when fever might be associated with ovarian cysts and what steps to take.
Understanding Ovarian Cysts
Ovaries are almond-shaped organs, one on each side of the uterus, responsible for releasing eggs and producing hormones. Ovarian cysts commonly form when a follicle, a sac containing an egg, grows larger than usual during the menstrual cycle or fails to release its egg. These are known as functional cysts, the most frequent type.
Most functional cysts are temporary and usually disappear within a few months. They often cause no symptoms, or mild discomfort such as bloating or pressure in the lower abdomen. Uncomplicated cysts do not typically cause a fever.
When a Fever May Occur with Ovarian Cysts
While uncomplicated ovarian cysts do not cause fever, its presence can indicate a serious complication requiring immediate medical attention.
Ovarian Torsion
Ovarian torsion occurs when the ovary twists around its supporting ligaments, cutting off its blood supply. This twisting can lead to tissue damage or death in the ovary due to lack of blood flow, and the resulting inflammation can cause fever. Ovarian torsion is a medical emergency that can lead to the loss of the ovary if not treated promptly.
Infected Ruptured Cyst
A ruptured ovarian cyst can become infected. If the cyst’s contents are infected or if the rupture introduces bacteria into the pelvic cavity, an infection can develop. This infection can lead to fever and requires antibiotic treatment.
Ovarian Abscess
An ovarian cyst can sometimes become infected and form an abscess, a collection of pus. This condition, known as an ovarian abscess, typically causes fever along with significant abdominal pain. Bacteria from other parts of the body can travel to the ovaries and form these pus-filled pockets. A ruptured ovarian abscess can release bacteria into the abdominal cavity, potentially leading to a widespread infection called peritonitis.
Accompanying Symptoms Requiring Attention
When a fever is present with ovarian cysts, it is often accompanied by other symptoms that signal a potential problem. These include:
Sudden, severe pelvic or abdominal pain, especially if it occurs on one side, which can indicate a ruptured cyst or ovarian torsion.
Nausea and vomiting.
Dizziness or lightheadedness, sometimes indicating internal bleeding from a ruptured cyst.
Rapid breathing or heart rate.
Unusual vaginal bleeding or discharge.
Sudden, severe bloating or abdominal distension.
These accompanying symptoms, particularly when combined with fever, suggest a serious underlying issue may be present.
When to Seek Medical Care
It is important to seek immediate medical attention if you experience sudden, severe abdominal or pelvic pain, particularly if accompanied by fever, vomiting, or dizziness. These combinations of symptoms are red flags for complications such as ovarian torsion or an infected ruptured cyst. Persistent fever without a clear cause, especially with pelvic pain, also warrants prompt medical evaluation.
Symptoms of shock, such as cold, clammy skin, rapid breathing, or weakness, are indicators for emergency care. Any new, worsening, or concerning symptoms related to ovarian cysts should be discussed with a healthcare provider. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are important for managing complications and preserving ovarian function.