An orthodontist primarily focuses on the alignment of teeth and correction of bite issues, and as such, they generally do not perform restorative procedures like fixing a chipped tooth. An orthodontist is a dental specialist who has completed four years of dental school followed by an additional two to three years of specialized training in orthodontics. This contrasts with a general dentist, who is trained to handle a wide array of dental issues, including restorative work. The distinction is that the orthodontist’s expertise is centered on moving teeth and aligning jaws, while the general or cosmetic dentist’s expertise is centered on repairing and rebuilding tooth structure.
Defining the Orthodontic Scope of Practice
The specialized training of an orthodontist is dedicated to the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of dental and facial irregularities, known as malocclusion. Their practice involves correcting overbites, underbites, crossbites, and spacing issues to ensure a balanced and functional bite. Tools such as braces, clear aligners, and retainers are designed to apply controlled forces that physically move teeth into new positions.
This focus means their training is not centered on the techniques and materials required for repairing tooth structure, such as placing fillings, crowns, or veneers. The orthodontist’s goal is structural and biomechanical: creating a harmonious arrangement of the teeth and jaws. The movement of teeth, which is the core of their practice, is a separate discipline from the physical rebuilding of chipped, fractured, or decayed teeth.
Restorative Treatments for Chipped Teeth
The responsibility for fixing a chipped tooth falls to the general dentist or a cosmetic dentist, who specializes in aesthetic repairs. The choice of repair method depends directly on the severity and location of the tooth damage.
Dental Bonding
Minor chips affecting only the outer enamel layer are often addressed with dental bonding, which is the most conservative and quickest option. Dental bonding involves applying a tooth-colored composite resin directly to the chipped area. The dentist shapes and polishes this material to blend seamlessly with the natural tooth, and a curing light is used to harden the resin. This procedure is typically completed in a single visit.
Porcelain Veneers
For moderate damage or more significant cosmetic concerns, porcelain veneers are often recommended. A veneer is a thin, custom-made shell of porcelain that is permanently bonded to the front surface of the tooth. Preparing the tooth for a veneer requires removing a small amount of enamel to accommodate the shell. Veneers offer a highly durable and stain-resistant surface, providing a significant aesthetic improvement.
Dental Crowns
When a chip is extensive and involves a large portion of the tooth, or if a fracture compromises the tooth’s structural integrity, a dental crown is the necessary restoration. A crown, or cap, completely covers the entire visible portion of the damaged tooth, restoring its original shape, size, and strength. Placing a crown requires the dentist to first reduce and shape the remaining tooth structure so the crown can fit over it. This provides comprehensive protection and is the strongest restorative option.
Coordinated Treatment and Timing
While orthodontists do not directly repair chips, they play a connected role if the chip is caused by or affects the bite. If a misaligned bite is causing teeth to collide and chip, the orthodontist corrects the alignment to prevent future damage. This corrective alignment sets the foundation for any long-term restorative work.
The two specialists often work together to create a comprehensive treatment plan, making timing important. In cases requiring a permanent restoration like a crown or veneer, orthodontic tooth movement must be completed before the final restoration is placed. Aligning the teeth first ensures the restorative dentist can create a restoration that fits perfectly into the newly corrected bite.
If a patient chips a tooth while undergoing orthodontic treatment, the orthodontist is typically the first to assess the situation. They may perform a temporary fix or adjust the appliance to protect the tooth, but the patient will then be referred to a restorative dentist for the permanent repair. This coordinated approach ensures both alignment goals and structural integrity are addressed for a successful result.