The Baltimore Oriole and Orchard Oriole are highly sought-after visitors to backyard feeding stations. These migratory birds are known for their sweet tooth. Orioles definitively eat oranges, and offering the fruit correctly is an effective way to attract them. Providing fruit allows observers to enjoy their presence during the warmer months.
The Relationship Between Orioles and Citrus
Orioles are strongly attracted to citrus fruit, particularly oranges, due to their high sugar content and bright color. This attraction is most pronounced during spring migration when the birds return from Central and South America. They require quick energy after their long journey, and the sugars in fruit provide necessary fuel.
Orioles are visually drawn to the orange color, which mimics ripe berries. Offering oranges acts as a substitute for natural fruits that have not yet ripened in early spring. This source of sugar and moisture is valuable before local insect populations emerge.
Practical Ways to Offer Oranges
The most effective method for presenting oranges is to cut the fruit in half, exposing the moist, sugary pulp. Since the birds cannot easily access the juice if the orange is left whole, the exposed flesh draws them in. Halves can be placed directly on dedicated oriole feeders, which often have pegs or cups designed to hold the fruit securely. Alternatively, press the halves onto a nail or spike driven into a wooden post or tree branch.
To attract the birds, place the oranges in a location that offers high visibility, such as a tall post or a tree branch near a perch. A height of six to seven feet off the ground provides security for the birds and deters ground-based pests like squirrels. Because the fruit can dry out quickly and develop mold, especially in warm weather, replace the orange halves every one or two days. Regular replacement prevents the growth of mold, which is harmful to birds, and ensures a clean food source.
Beyond Oranges: A Complete Oriole Menu
While oranges are effective for initial attraction, they are only one component of a complete diet. Orioles also consume grape jelly, which provides high-energy sugar and is often preferred over oranges once discovered. Offer jelly in small, shallow dishes or specialized feeders, ensuring it is kept fresh and clean.
Sugar water, using a ratio of one part white granulated sugar to four parts water, is another option. This can be offered in specialized oriole nectar feeders or hummingbird feeders with larger ports.
The primary dietary focus shifts significantly once nesting season begins. During this time, orioles switch from a sugar-based diet to one rich in protein, necessary for feeding their young. Insects, such as caterpillars, beetles, and spiders, make up the majority of their summer diet. Offering live or dried mealworms in an open dish during the nesting period helps meet this protein requirement. Planting native berry bushes, such as serviceberry or black cherry, also provides a natural food source utilized before and after migration.