The Virginia opossum (Didelphis virginiana) is the only marsupial found north of Mexico. This species is roughly the size of a housecat, possessing a long, hairless, prehensile tail and feet with opposable thumbs that aid in climbing. They are highly adaptable, thriving in habitats from woodlands to urban environments. Their distinctive appearance includes a pale face and fifty teeth—the most of any North American land mammal.
Where Opossums Sleep
Opossums are frequently seen climbing trees, but they do not typically sleep high up in open branches. They are semi-arboreal, adept at climbing and foraging, yet they prioritize secure, concealed locations for daytime rest. The common image of an opossum hanging by its tail to sleep is a misconception; adult opossums are too heavy to support themselves for extended periods, though the prehensile tail is used for balance and carrying nesting material. Preferred resting spots include hollow logs, cavities in trees, dense brush piles, and rock crevices. In developed areas, they often utilize spaces beneath porches, sheds, or abandoned buildings.
The Nomadic Lifestyle and Shelter Use
The opossum’s approach to shelter is highly opportunistic, reflecting a nomadic, non-territorial lifestyle. They are not builders and do not construct elaborate dens or burrows like many other mammals. Instead, they rely on existing structures, such as abandoned burrows dug by groundhogs or skunks, hollows in fallen trees, or large drainage pipes.
They rarely stay in the same location for more than a few days, constantly moving within their home range. This frequent change of den sites reduces the risk of predation. Before settling, an opossum may use its prehensile tail to gather materials like dry leaves, grass, or shredded paper to line the chosen cavity for insulation.
Opossum Activity Cycles
The Virginia opossum is strictly nocturnal, with its primary period of activity occurring at night. They emerge from their daytime dens around dusk and remain active until dawn, searching for food and mates. This nighttime schedule helps them avoid many daytime predators, such as hawks and eagles.
Their eyes are well-adapted for low-light conditions, allowing them to navigate effectively in the dark. During the day, they remain resting to conserve energy. While they do not hibernate, they significantly reduce activity during the coldest periods, sometimes staying in a secure den for several days if temperatures drop severely.