Nabothian cysts are common, benign growths that develop on the surface of the cervix. These small, fluid-filled sacs are a normal finding for many individuals with a cervix, especially those who have experienced childbirth or are in their reproductive years.
Understanding Nabothian Cysts
Nabothian cysts form when the mucus-producing glands within the cervix become blocked. The cervix, which connects the vagina to the uterus, contains numerous glands that secrete mucus. When the superficial skin cells of the cervix grow over these glands, they can trap the mucus inside. This trapped mucus then accumulates, leading to the formation of a cyst.
These cysts often appear as small, smooth bumps on the cervical surface, typically a few millimeters to one or two centimeters in diameter. They are usually translucent, opaque, or yellowish. In most cases, Nabothian cysts are asymptomatic and often discovered incidentally during a routine pelvic examination.
Do Nabothian Cysts Bleed?
Nabothian cysts do not typically bleed because they are filled with mucus, not blood. However, bleeding might occur in specific situations. Physical trauma or irritation to the cervix, such as during sexual intercourse or a pelvic examination, can sometimes cause a small amount of spotting if a cyst is fragile or in an easily irritated area.
While rare, a Nabothian cyst can rupture, releasing its mucus. This rupture might be accompanied by a small amount of discharge and, occasionally, minimal blood or spotting. This type of bleeding is usually not significant. Rarely, a large Nabothian cyst could potentially cause pressure or thinning of the surrounding cervical tissue, leading to some abnormal bleeding. It is important to distinguish between bleeding directly from a cyst and other common gynecological causes that may occur alongside Nabothian cysts.
When to Seek Medical Advice
Any unexplained or significant vaginal bleeding should prompt a medical evaluation, regardless of whether Nabothian cysts are present. Consult a healthcare provider for symptoms such as:
Heavy bleeding
Bleeding between menstrual periods
Bleeding after sexual intercourse
New or worsening pelvic pain
Unusual vaginal discharge
Bleeding after menopause
While these symptoms are rarely caused by Nabothian cysts, they can indicate other conditions such as infections, hormonal imbalances, polyps, fibroids, or, less commonly, cancer. A healthcare professional can determine the cause of bleeding and recommend management. Consult a doctor for any changes in your normal bleeding pattern or other concerning gynecological symptoms.
Diagnosis and Management
Nabothian cysts are frequently discovered during routine gynecological examinations, such as a pelvic exam or Pap test. A healthcare provider can often identify them visually as small, rounded bumps on the cervix. If there is uncertainty about the cyst, further evaluation like a colposcopy (a magnified view of the cervix) or ultrasound may be used to confirm the diagnosis and rule out other conditions.
Most Nabothian cysts do not require treatment. Treatment is usually considered only if a cyst becomes large, causes discomfort, or interferes with cervical examinations. In rare instances, procedures like electrocautery (using heat to destroy the cyst) or cryotherapy (freezing the cyst) may be used. These interventions are uncommon, and the outlook for individuals with Nabothian cysts is overwhelmingly positive.