Mountain lions, also known as cougars, pumas, or panthers, are North America’s largest wild cats. These solitary and elusive predators spark curiosity regarding their vocalizations. A common question is whether these felines purr like domestic cats or roar like African lions. Understanding their unique sounds requires exploring their specialized anatomy.
The Physiology of Purring and Roaring
The ability of a cat to purr or roar is determined by the structure of its hyoid bone, a small bone located in the throat that supports the larynx and tongue. Cats that can purr, such as domestic cats, cheetahs, and mountain lions, possess a fully ossified, or rigid, hyoid bone. This solid structure allows for the precise, continuous vibrations of the larynx and associated muscles, creating the characteristic purring sound. This sound is produced during both inhalation and exhalation.
In contrast, “big cats” like lions, tigers, leopards, and jaguars have a hyoid apparatus that is softer and composed of cartilage or is only partially ossified. This flexible structure enables their vocal cords to stretch, allowing them to produce deep, resonating roars. The anatomical difference means a cat cannot both purr and roar. Mountain lions fall into the purring category, and while their purr is generally deeper and louder than a house cat’s, it serves a similar communicative purpose.
Vocalizations of the Mountain Lion
Mountain lions possess a diverse range of vocalizations beyond purring. Their sound repertoire includes growls, hisses, snarls, chirps, and distinct screams. These sounds are used in various contexts, reflecting different behaviors and communication needs.
Purrs and low-frequency chirps are often associated with contentment and are commonly heard between a mother and her cubs, particularly during nursing or bonding. Growls and hisses typically serve as warnings, indicating a mountain lion feels threatened or is asserting dominance. These sounds are also heard during territorial disputes or male mating rituals.
The most widely recognized, and often unsettling, mountain lion sound is a high-pitched scream, sometimes described as resembling a human shriek. Females commonly use this scream during mating season to attract males, while males might also scream when competing for a mate. This vocalization can also signal distress or serve as a territorial advertisement.