Moths are a common concern for damaged garments. While adult moths are often seen flying, they are not the ones responsible for consuming fabrics. The actual damage to clothing is caused by the larvae, or caterpillars, of specific moth species. Understanding this distinction is key to protecting textiles.
The Real Eaters
Adult moths do not possess mouthparts capable of feeding on fabrics; their primary role is reproduction. Two common species known for textile destruction are the webbing clothes moth (Tineola bisselliella) and the casemaking clothes moth (Tinea pellionella).
These larvae are small, creamy-white caterpillars, growing up to about half an inch long, with dark head capsules. Webbing clothes moth larvae spin silken tubes or patches of webbing as they move across infested materials. Casemaking clothes moth larvae construct a portable, cigar-shaped silken case from the fibers they consume, which they carry. This case provides protection and can take on the color of the fabric being eaten.
What Attracts Them
Clothes moth larvae are attracted to natural fibers containing keratin, a fibrous protein. This protein is abundant in materials such as wool, silk, cashmere, fur, and feathers, making these items susceptible to damage. They can also feed on leather and felt.
Synthetic fabrics like polyester and rayon are not a food source for these larvae unless blended with natural fibers or heavily soiled. Organic residues such as human or pet dander, food stains, perspiration, or body oils can make fabrics more appealing, even synthetic ones. Moths prefer dark, undisturbed environments like closets, attics, and storage boxes, where items are often left for extended periods. These conditions provide an ideal setting for larvae to feed and develop unnoticed.
Protecting Your Wardrobe
Identifying a clothes moth infestation involves recognizing specific signs. Irregularly shaped holes in natural fiber garments are a key indicator. You might observe silken tubes, cases, or patches of webbing created by feeding larvae. Tiny fecal pellets, resembling sand or ground pepper, may be visible on or around infested items.
Regular cleaning and proper storage are key to preventing and managing clothes moth infestations. Vacuuming carpets, rugs, and storage areas frequently helps remove eggs and larvae, especially in hidden spots. Washing or dry cleaning susceptible items is effective, as high temperatures (at least 120°F for 20-30 minutes) can kill all life stages of moths. For items that cannot be washed, professional dry cleaning is a good alternative.
Storing clean clothing in airtight containers, such as sealed plastic bins or vacuum-sealed bags, creates a barrier against moths. Cedar wood and lavender are used as natural deterrents, but their effectiveness diminishes over time, requiring replenishment or sanding to release their oils. Maintaining low humidity and good ventilation in storage areas also helps, as moths thrive in warm, damp conditions.
For items already infested, extreme temperature treatments are effective. Freezing items in sealed plastic bags at 0°F or colder for several days can eliminate larvae and eggs. Heat treatment, such as exposing items to temperatures above 120°F (or 125°F) for at least 30 minutes, is also effective at killing all moth life stages. For severe or widespread infestations, consulting a professional pest control service is the most comprehensive approach.