Moray eels, often perceived as aggressive, evoke both fear and fascination. While their serpentine appearance and sharp teeth might suggest a constant threat, attacks on humans are rare. These incidents usually stem from misunderstandings of their natural behavior.
Understanding Moray Eel Behavior
Moray eels are reclusive creatures, preferring to remain hidden within coral reefs, rocky crevices, or other secluded spots during the day. They are primarily nocturnal hunters, emerging at night to seek prey. Their unique body shape, lacking pectoral and pelvic fins, allows them to navigate tight spaces efficiently. They are highly territorial, defending their chosen lairs against intruders.
Despite their fearsome appearance, moray eels possess poor eyesight. They rely on an acute sense of smell to locate food and navigate their environment. They detect chemical cues in the water, enabling them to find prey. As ambush predators, they conserve energy by waiting for unsuspecting fish, crustaceans, or cephalopods to come within striking distance before launching a swift attack.
Why Moray Eels Bite
Moray eel bites on humans are almost always defensive or accidental, not predatory. A common reason for a bite is direct provocation, such as intentionally harassing an eel or cornering it in its hiding spot. An eel may perceive an intrusion into its territory as a threat, prompting a defensive strike. Reaching into dark holes or crevices where an eel might be resting can easily trigger this response.
Mistaken identity is a frequent cause of bites, particularly when humans attempt hand-feeding. Eels, with their poor vision and reliance on smell, may confuse a human hand (especially if it carries bait or smells like food) for prey. When fish are being speared nearby, the eel’s feeding response can lead to accidental bites as they opportunistically strike. Their sharp, backward-pointing teeth and powerful pharyngeal jaws are adapted for grasping and holding prey, resulting in deep, painful lacerations if they clamp onto a limb.
Minimizing Risk
To reduce the likelihood of a moray eel bite, practice respectful observation of marine life. Avoid placing hands or feet into dark crevices, holes, or under ledges where eels commonly hide. Refrain from feeding wild marine animals, as this can alter their natural behavior and create a dangerous association between humans and food.
Maintain a respectful distance from all marine creatures, including moray eels. Divers, snorkelers, and swimmers should remain aware of their surroundings, especially in rocky or coral reef areas. Wearing shiny jewelry might inadvertently attract attention, as it could resemble the glint of fish scales. These precautions help ensure a safer experience in their habitat.
If a Bite Occurs
Should a moray eel bite occur, remain calm. The eel may hold on, and attempting to yank away can worsen the wound due to its backward-facing teeth. Carefully disengage from the eel if possible. Immediately after the bite, clean the wound thoroughly with fresh water and soap to prevent infection.
Apply pressure to the wound with a clean cloth to stop any bleeding. Due to the nature of moray eel teeth and potential for deep wounds, seeking prompt medical attention is highly recommended. Bacterial infections are a significant concern, and a doctor can assess the need for antibiotics or a tetanus shot, and ensure no teeth fragments remain embedded.